Add `deps/dryad` -> https://github.com/Spartan322/dryadadd/dryad

Add `deps/fmt` -> https://github.com/fmtlib/fmt
Add `deps/range-v3` -> https://github.com/ericniebler/range-v3

Improve parser error and warning support
Update .clang-format
Update `deps/SCsub`

29 files changed, 1497 insertions, 1246 deletions

diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/AbstractSyntaxTree.cpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/AbstractSyntaxTree.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..11a90dc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/AbstractSyntaxTree.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+#include <openvic-dataloader/AbstractSyntaxTree.hpp>
+
+using namespace ovdl;
+
+AbstractSyntaxTree::symbol_type AbstractSyntaxTree::intern(const char* str, std::size_t length) {
+	return _symbol_interner.intern(str, length);
+}
+
+AbstractSyntaxTree::symbol_type AbstractSyntaxTree::intern(std::string_view str) {
+	return intern(str.data(), str.size());
+}
+
+const char* AbstractSyntaxTree::intern_cstr(const char* str, std::size_t length) {
+	return intern(str, length).c_str(_symbol_interner);
+}
+
+const char* AbstractSyntaxTree::intern_cstr(std::string_view str) {
+	return intern_cstr(str.data(), str.size());
+}
+
+AbstractSyntaxTree::symbol_interner_type& AbstractSyntaxTree::symbol_interner() {
+	return _symbol_interner;
+}
+
+const AbstractSyntaxTree::symbol_interner_type& AbstractSyntaxTree::symbol_interner() const {
+	return _symbol_interner;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/DiagnosticLogger.cpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/DiagnosticLogger.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aae3dcb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/DiagnosticLogger.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+#include <openvic-dataloader/DiagnosticLogger.hpp>
+
+using namespace ovdl;
+
+DiagnosticLogger::operator bool() const {
+	return !_errored;
+}
+
+bool DiagnosticLogger::errored() const { return _errored; }
+bool DiagnosticLogger::warned() const { return _warned; }
+
+
+NodeLocation DiagnosticLogger::location_of(const error::Error* error) const {
+	auto result = _map.lookup(error);
+	return result ? *result : NodeLocation{};
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/File.cpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/File.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b27bf0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/File.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#include <openvic-dataloader/File.hpp>
+
+using namespace ovdl;
+
+File::File(const char* path) : _path(path) {}
+
+const char* File::path() const noexcept {
+	return _path;
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/NodeLocation.cpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/NodeLocation.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9e4f669
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/NodeLocation.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+#include <openvic-dataloader/NodeLocation.hpp>
+
+using namespace ovdl;
+
+NodeLocation::NodeLocation() = default;
+NodeLocation::NodeLocation(const char* pos) : _begin(pos),
+											  _end(pos) {}
+NodeLocation::NodeLocation(const char* begin, const char* end) : _begin(begin),
+																 _end(end) {}
+
+NodeLocation::NodeLocation(const NodeLocation&) noexcept = default;
+NodeLocation& NodeLocation::operator=(const NodeLocation&) = default;
+
+NodeLocation::NodeLocation(NodeLocation&&) = default;
+NodeLocation& NodeLocation::operator=(NodeLocation&&) = default;
+
+const char* NodeLocation::begin() const { return _begin; }
+const char* NodeLocation::end() const { return _end; }
+
+bool NodeLocation::is_synthesized() const { return _begin == nullptr && _end == nullptr; }
+
+NodeLocation NodeLocation::make_from(const char* begin, const char* end) {
+	end++;
+	if (begin >= end) return NodeLocation(begin);
+	return NodeLocation(begin, end);
+}
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/csv/CsvGrammar.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/csv/CsvGrammar.hpp
index 712bddc..5451f26 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/csv/CsvGrammar.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/csv/CsvGrammar.hpp
@@ -7,14 +7,17 @@
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <openvic-dataloader/csv/LineObject.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/csv/Parser.hpp>
 
 #include <lexy/callback.hpp>
 #include <lexy/dsl.hpp>
 
-#include "detail/LexyLitRange.hpp"
+#include "detail/dsl.hpp"
 
 // Grammar Definitions //
 namespace ovdl::csv::grammar {
+	using EncodingType = ovdl::csv::EncodingType;
+
 	template<typename T>
 	concept ParseChars = requires() {
 		{ T::character };
@@ -51,123 +54,117 @@ namespace ovdl::csv::grammar {
 									   .map<'"'>('"');
 
 	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct StringValue {
-		static constexpr auto rule = [] {
-			// Arbitrary code points
-			auto c = Options.character - Options.control;
-
-			auto back_escape = lexy::dsl::backslash_escape //
-								   .symbol<escaped_symbols>();
+	struct CsvGrammar {
+		struct StringValue {
+			static constexpr auto rule = [] {
+				// Arbitrary code points
+				auto c = Options.character - Options.control;
 
-			auto quote_escape = lexy::dsl::escape(lexy::dsl::lit_c<'"'>) //
-									.template symbol<escaped_quote>();
+				auto back_escape = lexy::dsl::backslash_escape //
+									   .symbol<escaped_symbols>();
 
-			return lexy::dsl::delimited(lexy::dsl::lit_c<'"'>, lexy::dsl::not_followed_by(lexy::dsl::lit_c<'"'>, lexy::dsl::lit_c<'"'>))(c, back_escape, quote_escape);
-		}();
-
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_string<std::string>;
-	};
+				auto quote_escape = lexy::dsl::escape(lexy::dsl::lit_c<'"'>) //
+										.template symbol<escaped_quote>();
 
-	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct PlainValue {
-		static constexpr auto rule = [] {
-			if constexpr (Options.SupportStrings) {
-				return lexy::dsl::identifier(Options.character - (lexy::dsl::lit_b<Options.SepChar> / lexy::dsl::ascii::newline));
-			} else {
-				auto escape_check_char = Options.character - (lexy::dsl::lit_b<Options.SepChar> / lexy::dsl::ascii::newline);
-				auto id_check_char = escape_check_char - lexy::dsl::lit_b<'\\'>;
-				auto id_segment = lexy::dsl::identifier(id_check_char);
-				auto escape_segement = lexy::dsl::token(escape_check_char);
-				auto escape_sym = lexy::dsl::symbol<escaped_symbols>(escape_segement);
-				auto escape_rule = lexy::dsl::lit_b<'\\'> >> escape_sym;
-				return lexy::dsl::list(id_segment | escape_rule);
-			}
-		}();
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_string<std::string>;
-	};
+				return lexy::dsl::delimited(lexy::dsl::lit_c<'"'>, lexy::dsl::not_followed_by(lexy::dsl::lit_c<'"'>, lexy::dsl::lit_c<'"'>))(c, back_escape, quote_escape);
+			}();
 
-	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct Value {
-		static constexpr auto rule = [] {
-			if constexpr (Options.SupportStrings) {
-				return lexy::dsl::p<StringValue<Options>> | lexy::dsl::p<PlainValue<Options>>;
-			} else {
-				return lexy::dsl::p<PlainValue<Options>>;
-			}
-		}();
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::forward<std::string>;
-	};
-
-	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct SepConst {
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::lit_b<Options.SepChar>;
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::constant(1);
-	};
+			static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_string<std::string>;
+		};
 
-	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct Seperator {
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::list(lexy::dsl::p<SepConst<Options>>);
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::count;
-	};
+		struct PlainValue {
+			static constexpr auto rule = [] {
+				if constexpr (Options.SupportStrings) {
+					return lexy::dsl::identifier(Options.character - (lexy::dsl::lit_b<Options.SepChar> / lexy::dsl::ascii::newline));
+				} else {
+					auto escape_check_char = Options.character - (lexy::dsl::lit_b<Options.SepChar> / lexy::dsl::ascii::newline);
+					auto id_check_char = escape_check_char - lexy::dsl::lit_b<'\\'>;
+					auto id_segment = lexy::dsl::identifier(id_check_char);
+					auto escape_segement = lexy::dsl::token(escape_check_char);
+					auto escape_sym = lexy::dsl::symbol<escaped_symbols>(escape_segement);
+					auto escape_rule = lexy::dsl::lit_b<'\\'> >> escape_sym;
+					return lexy::dsl::list(id_segment | escape_rule);
+				}
+			}();
+			static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_string<std::string>;
+		};
 
-	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct LineEnd {
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::list(lexy::dsl::p<Value<Options>>, lexy::dsl::trailing_sep(lexy::dsl::p<Seperator<Options>>));
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::fold_inplace<ovdl::csv::LineObject>(
-			std::initializer_list<ovdl::csv::LineObject::value_type> {},
-			[](ovdl::csv::LineObject& result, auto&& arg) {
-				if constexpr (std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<decltype(arg)>, std::size_t>) {
-					// Count seperators, adds to previous value, making it a position
-					using position_type = ovdl::csv::LineObject::position_type;
-					result.emplace_back(static_cast<position_type>(arg + result.back().first), "");
+		struct Value {
+			static constexpr auto rule = [] {
+				if constexpr (Options.SupportStrings) {
+					return lexy::dsl::p<StringValue> | lexy::dsl::p<PlainValue>;
 				} else {
-					if (result.empty()) result.emplace_back(0u, LEXY_MOV(arg));
-					else {
-						auto& [pos, value] = result.back();
-						value = arg;
-					}
+					return lexy::dsl::p<PlainValue>;
 				}
-			});
-	};
+			}();
+			static constexpr auto value = lexy::forward<std::string>;
+		};
 
-	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct Line {
-		static constexpr auto suffix_setter(ovdl::csv::LineObject& line) {
-			auto& [position, value] = line.back();
-			if (value.empty()) {
-				line.set_suffix_end(position);
-				line.pop_back();
-			} else {
-				line.set_suffix_end(position + 1);
-			}
+		struct SepConst {
+			static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::lit_b<Options.SepChar>;
+			static constexpr auto value = lexy::constant(1);
 		};
 
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::p<LineEnd<Options>> | lexy::dsl::p<Seperator<Options>> >> lexy::dsl::opt(lexy::dsl::p<LineEnd<Options>>);
-		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::callback<ovdl::csv::LineObject>(
-				[](ovdl::csv::LineObject&& line) {
-					suffix_setter(line);
-					return LEXY_MOV(line);
-				},
-				[](std::size_t prefix_count, ovdl::csv::LineObject&& line) {
-					line.set_prefix_end(prefix_count);
-					// position needs to be adjusted to prefix
-					for (auto& [position, value] : line) {
-						position += prefix_count;
+		struct Seperator {
+			static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::list(lexy::dsl::p<SepConst>);
+			static constexpr auto value = lexy::count;
+		};
+
+		struct LineEnd {
+			static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::list(lexy::dsl::p<Value>, lexy::dsl::trailing_sep(lexy::dsl::p<Seperator>));
+			static constexpr auto value = lexy::fold_inplace<ovdl::csv::LineObject>(
+				std::initializer_list<ovdl::csv::LineObject::value_type> {},
+				[](ovdl::csv::LineObject& result, auto&& arg) {
+					if constexpr (std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<decltype(arg)>, std::size_t>) {
+						// Count seperators, adds to previous value, making it a position
+						using position_type = ovdl::csv::LineObject::position_type;
+						result.emplace_back(static_cast<position_type>(arg + result.back().first), "");
+					} else {
+						if (result.empty()) result.emplace_back(0u, LEXY_MOV(arg));
+						else {
+							auto& [pos, value] = result.back();
+							value = arg;
+						}
 					}
-					suffix_setter(line);
-					return LEXY_MOV(line);
-				},
-				[](std::size_t suffix_count, lexy::nullopt = {}) {
-					return ovdl::csv::LineObject(0, {}, suffix_count + 1);
 				});
+		};
+
+		struct Line {
+			static constexpr auto suffix_setter(ovdl::csv::LineObject& line) {
+				auto& [position, value] = line.back();
+				if (value.empty()) {
+					line.set_suffix_end(position);
+					line.pop_back();
+				} else {
+					line.set_suffix_end(position + 1);
+				}
+			};
+
+			static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::p<LineEnd> | lexy::dsl::p<Seperator> >> lexy::dsl::opt(lexy::dsl::p<LineEnd>);
+			static constexpr auto value =
+				lexy::callback<ovdl::csv::LineObject>(
+					[](ovdl::csv::LineObject&& line) {
+						suffix_setter(line);
+						return LEXY_MOV(line);
+					},
+					[](std::size_t prefix_count, ovdl::csv::LineObject&& line) {
+						line.set_prefix_end(prefix_count);
+						// position needs to be adjusted to prefix
+						for (auto& [position, value] : line) {
+							position += prefix_count;
+						}
+						suffix_setter(line);
+						return LEXY_MOV(line);
+					},
+					[](std::size_t suffix_count, lexy::nullopt = {}) {
+						return ovdl::csv::LineObject(0, {}, suffix_count + 1);
+					});
+		};
 	};
 
 	template<ParseOptions Options>
 	struct File {
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::terminator(lexy::dsl::eof).opt_list(
-			lexy::dsl::p<Line<Options>> | lexy::dsl::newline
-		);
+		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::terminator(lexy::dsl::eof).opt_list(lexy::dsl::p<typename CsvGrammar<Options>::Line> | lexy::dsl::newline);
 
 		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<std::vector<ovdl::csv::LineObject>>;
 	};
@@ -199,7 +196,7 @@ namespace ovdl::csv::grammar {
 
 namespace ovdl::csv::grammar::windows1252 {
 	struct windows1252_t {
-		static constexpr auto character = detail::lexydsl::make_range<0x01, 0xFF>();
+		static constexpr auto character = dsl::make_range<0x01, 0xFF>();
 		static constexpr auto control =
 			lexy::dsl::ascii::control /
 			lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x81> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x8D> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x8F> /
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/csv/CsvParseState.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/csv/CsvParseState.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2390453
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/csv/CsvParseState.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <openvic-dataloader/File.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/ParseState.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/csv/LineObject.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/csv/Parser.hpp>
+
+#include <lexy/encoding.hpp>
+
+template<ovdl::csv::EncodingType>
+struct LexyEncodingFrom {
+};
+
+template<>
+struct LexyEncodingFrom<ovdl::csv::EncodingType::Windows1252> {
+	using encoding = lexy::default_encoding;
+};
+
+template<>
+struct LexyEncodingFrom<ovdl::csv::EncodingType::Utf8> {
+	using encoding = lexy::utf8_char_encoding;
+};
+
+template<ovdl::csv::EncodingType Encoding>
+using CsvFile = ovdl::BasicFile<typename LexyEncodingFrom<Encoding>::encoding, std::vector<ovdl::csv::LineObject>>;
+
+template<ovdl::csv::EncodingType Encoding>
+using CsvParseState = ovdl::FileParseState<CsvFile<Encoding>>;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/csv/Parser.cpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/csv/Parser.cpp
index 0ca3402..849ea05 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/csv/Parser.cpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/csv/Parser.cpp
@@ -1,47 +1,34 @@
-#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <openvic-dataloader/File.hpp>
 #include <openvic-dataloader/csv/LineObject.hpp>
 #include <openvic-dataloader/csv/Parser.hpp>
-#include <openvic-dataloader/detail/ClassExport.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/detail/LexyReportError.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/detail/OStreamOutputIterator.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/detail/utility/Utility.hpp>
 
 #include <lexy/action/parse.hpp>
 #include <lexy/encoding.hpp>
 #include <lexy/input/buffer.hpp>
 #include <lexy/input/file.hpp>
 
-#include "csv/CsvGrammar.hpp"
-#include "detail/BasicBufferHandler.hpp"
-#include "detail/LexyReportError.hpp"
-#include "detail/OStreamOutputIterator.hpp"
+#include "CsvGrammar.hpp"
+#include "CsvParseState.hpp"
+#include "detail/NullBuff.hpp"
+#include "detail/ParseHandler.hpp"
 
 using namespace ovdl;
 using namespace ovdl::csv;
 
-///	BufferHandler ///
-
-template<EncodingType>
-struct LexyEncodingFrom {
-};
-
-template<>
-struct LexyEncodingFrom<EncodingType::Windows1252> {
-	using encoding = lexy::default_encoding;
-};
-
-template<>
-struct LexyEncodingFrom<EncodingType::Utf8> {
-	using encoding = lexy::utf8_char_encoding;
-};
+///	ParseHandler ///
 
 template<EncodingType Encoding>
-class Parser<Encoding>::BufferHandler final : public detail::BasicBufferHandler<typename LexyEncodingFrom<Encoding>::encoding> {
-public:
-	template<typename Node, typename ErrorCallback>
-	std::optional<std::vector<ParseError>> parse(const ErrorCallback& callback) {
-		auto result = lexy::parse<Node>(this->_buffer, callback);
+struct Parser<Encoding>::ParseHandler final : detail::BasicFileParseHandler<CsvParseState<Encoding>> {
+	template<typename Node>
+	std::optional<DiagnosticLogger::error_range> parse() {
+		auto result = lexy::parse<Node>(this->buffer(), *this->_parse_state, this->_parse_state->logger().error_callback());
 		if (!result) {
-			return result.errors();
+			return this->_parse_state->logger().get_errors();
 		}
 		_lines = std::move(result.value());
 		return std::nullopt;
@@ -59,8 +46,14 @@ private:
 
 template<EncodingType Encoding>
 Parser<Encoding>::Parser()
-	: _buffer_handler(std::make_unique<BufferHandler>()) {
-	set_error_log_to_stderr();
+	: _parse_handler(std::make_unique<ParseHandler>()) {
+	set_error_log_to_null();
+}
+
+template<EncodingType Encoding>
+Parser<Encoding>::Parser(std::basic_ostream<char>& error_stream)
+	: _parse_handler(std::make_unique<ParseHandler>()) {
+	set_error_log_to(error_stream);
 }
 
 template<EncodingType Encoding>
@@ -115,28 +108,31 @@ Parser<Encoding> Parser<Encoding>::from_file(const std::filesystem::path& path)
 ///
 template<EncodingType Encoding>
 template<typename... Args>
-constexpr void Parser<Encoding>::_run_load_func(detail::LoadCallback<BufferHandler, Args...> auto func, Args... args) {
-	_warnings.clear();
-	_errors.clear();
+constexpr void Parser<Encoding>::_run_load_func(detail::LoadCallback<ParseHandler, Args...> auto func, Args... args) {
 	_has_fatal_error = false;
-	if (auto error = func(_buffer_handler.get(), std::forward<Args>(args)...); error) {
-		_has_fatal_error = error.value().type == ParseError::Type::Fatal;
-		_errors.push_back(error.value());
-		_error_stream.get() << "Error: " << _errors.back().message << '\n';
+	auto error = func(_parse_handler.get(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	auto error_message = _parse_handler->make_error_from(error);
+	if (!error_message.empty()) {
+		_has_error = true;
+		_has_fatal_error = true;
+		_parse_handler->parse_state().logger().template create_log<error::BufferError>(DiagnosticLogger::DiagnosticKind::error, fmt::runtime(error_message));
+	}
+	if (has_error() && &_error_stream.get() != &detail::cnull) {
+		print_errors_to(_error_stream.get());
 	}
 }
 
 template<EncodingType Encoding>
 constexpr Parser<Encoding>& Parser<Encoding>::load_from_buffer(const char* data, std::size_t size) {
 	// Type can't be deduced?
-	_run_load_func(std::mem_fn(&BufferHandler::load_buffer_size), data, size);
+	_run_load_func(std::mem_fn(&ParseHandler::load_buffer_size), data, size);
 	return *this;
 }
 
 template<EncodingType Encoding>
 constexpr Parser<Encoding>& Parser<Encoding>::load_from_buffer(const char* start, const char* end) {
 	// Type can't be deduced?
-	_run_load_func(std::mem_fn(&BufferHandler::load_buffer), start, end);
+	_run_load_func(std::mem_fn(&ParseHandler::load_buffer), start, end);
 	return *this;
 }
 
@@ -149,7 +145,7 @@ template<EncodingType Encoding>
 constexpr Parser<Encoding>& Parser<Encoding>::load_from_file(const char* path) {
 	_file_path = path;
 	// Type can be deduced??
-	_run_load_func(std::mem_fn(&BufferHandler::load_file), path);
+	_run_load_func(std::mem_fn(&ParseHandler::load_file), path);
 	return *this;
 }
 
@@ -159,38 +155,34 @@ Parser<Encoding>& Parser<Encoding>::load_from_file(const std::filesystem::path&
 }
 
 template<EncodingType Encoding>
-constexpr Parser<Encoding>& Parser<Encoding>::load_from_file(const detail::Has_c_str auto& path) {
-	return load_from_file(path.c_str());
-}
-
-template<EncodingType Encoding>
 bool Parser<Encoding>::parse_csv(bool handle_strings) {
-	if (!_buffer_handler->is_valid()) {
+	if (!_parse_handler->is_valid()) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	std::optional<std::vector<ParseError>> errors;
-	auto report_error = ovdl::detail::ReporError.path(_file_path).to(detail::OStreamOutputIterator { _error_stream });
+	std::optional<Parser<Encoding>::error_range> errors;
+	// auto report_error = ovdl::detail::ReporError.path(_file_path).to(detail::OStreamOutputIterator { _error_stream });
 	if constexpr (Encoding == EncodingType::Windows1252) {
 		if (handle_strings)
-			errors = _buffer_handler->template parse<csv::grammar::windows1252::strings::SemiColonFile>(report_error);
+			errors = _parse_handler->template parse<csv::grammar::windows1252::strings::SemiColonFile>();
 		else
-			errors = _buffer_handler->template parse<csv::grammar::windows1252::SemiColonFile>(report_error);
+			errors = _parse_handler->template parse<csv::grammar::windows1252::SemiColonFile>();
 	} else {
 		if (handle_strings)
-			errors = _buffer_handler->template parse<csv::grammar::utf8::strings::SemiColonFile>(report_error);
+			errors = _parse_handler->template parse<csv::grammar::utf8::strings::SemiColonFile>();
 		else
-			errors = _buffer_handler->template parse<csv::grammar::utf8::SemiColonFile>(report_error);
+			errors = _parse_handler->template parse<csv::grammar::utf8::SemiColonFile>();
 	}
-	if (errors) {
-		_errors.reserve(errors->size());
-		for (auto& err : errors.value()) {
-			_has_fatal_error |= err.type == ParseError::Type::Fatal;
-			_errors.push_back(err);
+	_has_error = _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().errored();
+	_has_warning = _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().warned();
+	if (!errors->empty()) {
+		_has_fatal_error = true;
+		if (&_error_stream.get() != &detail::cnull) {
+			print_errors_to(_error_stream);
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
-	_lines = std::move(_buffer_handler->get_lines());
+	_lines = std::move(_parse_handler->get_lines());
 	return true;
 }
 
@@ -199,5 +191,60 @@ const std::vector<csv::LineObject>& Parser<Encoding>::get_lines() const {
 	return _lines;
 }
 
+template<EncodingType Encoding>
+typename Parser<Encoding>::error_range Parser<Encoding>::get_errors() const {
+	return _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().get_errors();
+}
+
+template<EncodingType Encoding>
+const FilePosition Parser<Encoding>::get_error_position(const error::Error* error) const {
+	if (!error || !error->is_linked_in_tree()) {
+		return {};
+	}
+	auto err_location = _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().location_of(error);
+	if (err_location.is_synthesized()) {
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	auto loc_begin = lexy::get_input_location(_parse_handler->buffer(), err_location.begin());
+	FilePosition result { loc_begin.line_nr(), loc_begin.line_nr(), loc_begin.column_nr(), loc_begin.column_nr() };
+	if (err_location.begin() < err_location.end()) {
+		auto loc_end = lexy::get_input_location(_parse_handler->buffer(), err_location.end(), loc_begin.anchor());
+		result.end_line = loc_end.line_nr();
+		result.end_column = loc_end.column_nr();
+	}
+	return result;
+}
+
+template<EncodingType Encoding>
+void Parser<Encoding>::print_errors_to(std::basic_ostream<char>& stream) const {
+	auto errors = get_errors();
+	if (errors.empty()) return;
+	for (const auto error : errors) {
+		dryad::visit_tree(
+			error,
+			[&](const error::BufferError* buffer_error) {
+				stream << buffer_error->message() << '\n';
+			},
+			[&](const error::ParseError* parse_error) {
+				stream << parse_error->message() << '\n';
+			},
+			[&](dryad::child_visitor<error::ErrorKind> visitor, const error::Semantic* semantic) {
+				stream << semantic->message() << '\n';
+				auto annotations = semantic->annotations();
+				if (annotations.empty()) return;
+				for (auto annotation : annotations) {
+					visitor(annotation);
+				}
+			},
+			[&](const error::PrimaryAnnotation* primary) {
+				stream << primary->message() << '\n';
+			},
+			[&](const error::SecondaryAnnotation* secondary) {
+				stream << secondary->message() << '\n';
+			});
+	}
+}
+
 template class ovdl::csv::Parser<EncodingType::Windows1252>;
 template class ovdl::csv::Parser<EncodingType::Utf8>;
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/BasicBufferHandler.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/BasicBufferHandler.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index f26544b..0000000
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/BasicBufferHandler.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,51 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <optional>
-
-#include <openvic-dataloader/ParseError.hpp>
-#include <openvic-dataloader/detail/OptionalConstexpr.hpp>
-
-#include <lexy/encoding.hpp>
-#include <lexy/input/buffer.hpp>
-#include <lexy/input/file.hpp>
-
-#include "detail/Errors.hpp"
-
-namespace ovdl::detail {
-	template<typename Encoding = lexy::default_encoding, typename MemoryResource = void>
-	class BasicBufferHandler {
-	public:
-		using encoding_type = Encoding;
-
-		OVDL_OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR bool is_valid() const {
-			return _buffer.data() != nullptr;
-		}
-
-		OVDL_OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR std::optional<ovdl::ParseError> load_buffer_size(const char* data, std::size_t size) {
-			_buffer = lexy::buffer<Encoding, MemoryResource>(data, size);
-			return std::nullopt;
-		}
-
-		OVDL_OPTIONAL_CONSTEXPR std::optional<ovdl::ParseError> load_buffer(const char* start, const char* end) {
-			_buffer = lexy::buffer<Encoding, MemoryResource>(start, end);
-			return std::nullopt;
-		}
-
-		std::optional<ovdl::ParseError> load_file(const char* path) {
-			auto file = lexy::read_file<Encoding, lexy::encoding_endianness::bom, MemoryResource>(path);
-			if (!file) {
-				return ovdl::errors::make_no_file_error(path);
-			}
-
-			_buffer = file.buffer();
-			return std::nullopt;
-		}
-
-		const auto& get_buffer() const {
-			return _buffer;
-		}
-
-	protected:
-		lexy::buffer<Encoding, MemoryResource> _buffer;
-	};
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/BufferError.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/BufferError.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fbb0f4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/BufferError.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+
+namespace ovdl::detail {
+	enum class buffer_error : std::uint8_t {
+		success,
+		/// An internal OS error, such as failure to read from the file.
+		os_error,
+		/// The file was not found.
+		file_not_found,
+		/// The file cannot be opened.
+		permission_denied,
+		/// The buffer failed to handle the data
+		buffer_is_null
+	};
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/DetectUtf8.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/DetectUtf8.hpp
index 2045b3c..e9d0350 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/DetectUtf8.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/DetectUtf8.hpp
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include <lexy/action/match.hpp>
 #include <lexy/dsl.hpp>
 
-#include "detail/LexyLitRange.hpp"
+#include "detail/dsl.hpp"
 
 namespace ovdl::detail {
 	namespace detect_utf8 {
@@ -18,15 +18,15 @@ namespace ovdl::detail {
 				constexpr auto is_not_ascii_flag = lexy::dsl::context_flag<DetectUtf8>;
 
 				// & 0b10000000 == 0b00000000
-				constexpr auto ascii_values = lexydsl::make_range<0b00000000, 0b01111111>();
+				constexpr auto ascii_values = dsl::make_range<0b00000000, 0b01111111>();
 				// & 0b11100000 == 0b11000000
-				constexpr auto two_byte = lexydsl::make_range<0b11000000, 0b11011111>();
+				constexpr auto two_byte = dsl::make_range<0b11000000, 0b11011111>();
 				// & 0b11110000 == 0b11100000
-				constexpr auto three_byte = lexydsl::make_range<0b11100000, 0b11101111>();
+				constexpr auto three_byte = dsl::make_range<0b11100000, 0b11101111>();
 				// & 0b11111000 == 0b11110000
-				constexpr auto four_byte = lexydsl::make_range<0b11110000, 0b11110111>();
+				constexpr auto four_byte = dsl::make_range<0b11110000, 0b11110111>();
 				// & 0b11000000 == 0b10000000
-				constexpr auto check_bytes = lexydsl::make_range<0b10000000, 0b10111111>();
+				constexpr auto check_bytes = dsl::make_range<0b10000000, 0b10111111>();
 
 				constexpr auto utf8_check =
 					((four_byte >> lexy::dsl::times<3>(check_bytes)) |
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/LexyLitRange.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/LexyLitRange.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index a6761a8..0000000
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/LexyLitRange.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <lexy/dsl/literal.hpp>
-
-namespace ovdl::detail::lexydsl {
-	template<unsigned char LOW, unsigned char HIGH>
-	consteval auto make_range() {
-		if constexpr (LOW == HIGH) {
-			return lexy::dsl::lit_c<LOW>;
-		} else if constexpr (LOW == (HIGH - 1)) {
-			return lexy::dsl::lit_c<LOW> / lexy::dsl::lit_c<HIGH>;
-		} else {
-			return lexy::dsl::lit_c<LOW> / make_range<LOW + 1, HIGH>();
-		}
-	}
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/LexyReportError.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/LexyReportError.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 213090b..0000000
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/LexyReportError.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-
-#include <openvic-dataloader/ParseData.hpp>
-#include <openvic-dataloader/ParseError.hpp>
-#include <openvic-dataloader/detail/Concepts.hpp>
-
-#include <lexy/input_location.hpp>
-#include <lexy/visualize.hpp>
-
-#include <lexy_ext/report_error.hpp>
-
-namespace ovdl::detail {
-	template<typename OutputIterator>
-	struct _ReportError {
-		OutputIterator _iter;
-		lexy::visualization_options _opts;
-		const char* _path;
-
-		struct _sink {
-			OutputIterator _iter;
-			lexy::visualization_options _opts;
-			const char* _path;
-			std::size_t _count;
-			std::vector<ParseError> _errors;
-
-			using return_type = std::vector<ParseError>;
-
-			template<typename Input, typename Reader, typename Tag>
-			void operator()(const lexy::error_context<Input>& context, const lexy::error<Reader, Tag>& error) {
-				_iter = lexy_ext::_detail::write_error(_iter, context, error, _opts, _path);
-				++_count;
-
-				// Convert the context location and error location into line/column information.
-				auto context_location = lexy::get_input_location(context.input(), context.position());
-				auto location = lexy::get_input_location(context.input(), error.position(), context_location.anchor());
-
-				std::basic_stringstream<typename Reader::encoding::char_type> message;
-
-				// Write the main annotation.
-				if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Tag, lexy::expected_literal>) {
-					auto string = lexy::_detail::make_literal_lexeme<typename Reader::encoding>(error.string(), error.length());
-
-					message << "expected '" << string.data() << '\'';
-				} else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Tag, lexy::expected_keyword>) {
-					auto string = lexy::_detail::make_literal_lexeme<typename Reader::encoding>(error.string(), error.length());
-
-					message << "expected keyword '" << string.data() << '\'';
-				} else if constexpr (std::is_same_v<Tag, lexy::expected_char_class>) {
-					message << "expected " << error.name();
-				} else {
-					message << error.message();
-				}
-
-				_errors.push_back(
-					ParseError {
-						ParseError::Type::Fatal, // TODO: distinguish recoverable errors from fatal errors
-						std::move(message.str()),
-						0, // TODO: implement proper error codes
-						ParseData {
-							context.production(),
-							context_location.line_nr(),
-							context_location.column_nr(),
-						},
-						location.line_nr(),
-						location.column_nr(),
-					});
-			}
-
-			return_type finish() && {
-				if (_count != 0)
-					*_iter++ = '\n';
-				return _errors;
-			}
-		};
-		constexpr auto sink() const {
-			return _sink { _iter, _opts, _path, 0 };
-		}
-
-		/// Specifies a path that will be printed alongside the diagnostic.
-		constexpr _ReportError path(const char* path) const {
-			return { _iter, _opts, path };
-		}
-
-		constexpr _ReportError path(const detail::Has_c_str auto& path_object) const {
-			return path(path_object.c_str());
-		}
-
-		/// Specifies an output iterator where the errors are written to.
-		template<typename OI>
-		constexpr _ReportError<OI> to(OI out) const {
-			return { out, _opts, _path };
-		}
-
-		/// Overrides visualization options.
-		constexpr _ReportError opts(lexy::visualization_options opts) const {
-			return { _iter, opts, _path };
-		}
-	};
-
-	constexpr auto ReporError = _ReportError<lexy::stderr_output_iterator> {};
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/NullBuff.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/NullBuff.hpp
index baf9e1b..e5c6f4a 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/NullBuff.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/NullBuff.hpp
@@ -22,9 +22,9 @@ namespace ovdl::detail {
 		basic_nullbuf<cT, traits> m_sbuf;
 	};
 
-	typedef basic_onullstream<char> onullstream;
-	typedef basic_onullstream<wchar_t> wonullstream;
+	using onullstream = basic_onullstream<char>;
+	using wonullstream = basic_onullstream<wchar_t>;
 
-	inline onullstream cnull;
-	inline onullstream wcnull;
+	static inline onullstream cnull;
+	static inline onullstream wcnull;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/OStreamOutputIterator.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/OStreamOutputIterator.hpp
deleted file mode 100644
index 81f6c89..0000000
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/OStreamOutputIterator.hpp
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <ostream>
-
-namespace ovdl::detail {
-	struct OStreamOutputIterator {
-		std::reference_wrapper<std::ostream> _stream;
-
-		auto operator*() const noexcept {
-			return *this;
-		}
-		auto operator++(int) const noexcept {
-			return *this;
-		}
-
-		OStreamOutputIterator& operator=(char c) {
-			_stream.get().put(c);
-			return *this;
-		}
-	};
-}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/ParseHandler.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/ParseHandler.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fbec0d7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/ParseHandler.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <utility>
+
+#include <openvic-dataloader/ParseState.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/detail/utility/Concepts.hpp>
+
+#include <lexy/encoding.hpp>
+#include <lexy/input/buffer.hpp>
+#include <lexy/input/file.hpp>
+
+#include "detail/BufferError.hpp"
+
+namespace ovdl::detail {
+	template<typename Derived>
+	struct ParseHandler {
+		std::string make_error_from(buffer_error error) {
+			switch (error) {
+				using enum ovdl::detail::buffer_error;
+				case buffer_is_null:
+					return "Buffer could not be loaded.";
+				case os_error:
+					return "OS file error.";
+				case file_not_found:
+					return "File not found.";
+				case permission_denied:
+					return "Read Permission denied.";
+				default:
+					return "";
+			}
+		}
+
+		template<typename... Args>
+		constexpr void _run_load_func(detail::LoadCallback<Derived, Args...> auto func, Args... args);
+	};
+
+	template<IsFileParseState ParseState, typename MemoryResource = void>
+	struct BasicFileParseHandler : ParseHandler<BasicFileParseHandler<ParseState, MemoryResource>> {
+		using parse_state_type = ParseState;
+		using encoding_type = typename parse_state_type::file_type::encoding_type;
+
+		constexpr bool is_valid() const {
+			if (!_parse_state) return false;
+			return buffer().data() != nullptr;
+		}
+
+		constexpr buffer_error load_buffer_size(const char* data, std::size_t size) {
+			lexy::buffer<encoding_type, MemoryResource> buffer(data, size);
+			if (buffer.data() == nullptr) return buffer_error::buffer_is_null;
+			_parse_state.reset(new parse_state_type { std::move(buffer) });
+			return is_valid() ? buffer_error::success : buffer_error::buffer_is_null;
+		}
+
+		constexpr buffer_error load_buffer(const char* start, const char* end) {
+			lexy::buffer<encoding_type, MemoryResource> buffer(start, end);
+			if (buffer.data() == nullptr) return buffer_error::buffer_is_null;
+			_parse_state.reset(new parse_state_type { std::move(buffer) });
+			return is_valid() ? buffer_error::success : buffer_error::buffer_is_null;
+		}
+
+		buffer_error load_file(const char* path) {
+			lexy::read_file_result file = lexy::read_file<encoding_type, lexy::encoding_endianness::bom, MemoryResource>(path);
+			if (!file) {
+				_parse_state.reset(new parse_state_type { path, lexy::buffer<typename parse_state_type::file_type::encoding_type>() });
+				return ovdl::detail::from_underlying<buffer_error>(ovdl::detail::to_underlying(file.error()));
+			}
+			_parse_state.reset(new parse_state_type { path, std::move(file).buffer() });
+			return is_valid() ? buffer_error::success : buffer_error::buffer_is_null;
+		}
+
+		const char* path() const {
+			if (!_parse_state) return "";
+			return _parse_state->file().path();
+		}
+
+		parse_state_type& parse_state() {
+			return *_parse_state;
+		}
+
+		const parse_state_type& parse_state() const {
+			return *_parse_state;
+		}
+
+		constexpr const auto& buffer() const {
+			return _parse_state->file().buffer();
+		}
+
+	protected:
+		std::unique_ptr<parse_state_type> _parse_state;
+	};
+
+	template<IsParseState ParseState, typename MemoryResource = void>
+	struct BasicStateParseHandler : ParseHandler<BasicStateParseHandler<ParseState, MemoryResource>> {
+		using parse_state_type = ParseState;
+		using encoding_type = typename parse_state_type::ast_type::file_type::encoding_type;
+
+		constexpr bool is_valid() const {
+			if (!_parse_state) return false;
+			return buffer().data() != nullptr;
+		}
+
+		constexpr buffer_error load_buffer_size(const char* data, std::size_t size) {
+			lexy::buffer<encoding_type, MemoryResource> buffer(data, size);
+			_parse_state.reset(new parse_state_type { std::move(buffer) });
+			return is_valid() ? buffer_error::success : buffer_error::buffer_is_null;
+		}
+
+		constexpr buffer_error load_buffer(const char* start, const char* end) {
+			lexy::buffer<encoding_type, MemoryResource> buffer(start, end);
+			_parse_state.reset(new parse_state_type { std::move(buffer) });
+			return is_valid() ? buffer_error::success : buffer_error::buffer_is_null;
+		}
+
+		buffer_error load_file(const char* path) {
+			lexy::read_file_result file = lexy::read_file<encoding_type, lexy::encoding_endianness::bom, MemoryResource>(path);
+			if (!file) {
+				_parse_state.reset(new parse_state_type { path, lexy::buffer<typename parse_state_type::ast_type::file_type::encoding_type>() });
+				return ovdl::detail::from_underlying<buffer_error>(ovdl::detail::to_underlying(file.error()));
+			}
+
+			_parse_state.reset(new parse_state_type { path, std::move(file).buffer() });
+			return is_valid() ? buffer_error::success : buffer_error::buffer_is_null;
+		}
+
+		const char* path() const {
+			if (!_parse_state) return "";
+			return _parse_state->ast().file().path();
+		}
+
+		parse_state_type& parse_state() {
+			return *_parse_state;
+		}
+
+		const parse_state_type& parse_state() const {
+			return *_parse_state;
+		}
+
+		constexpr const auto& buffer() const {
+			return _parse_state->ast().file().buffer();
+		}
+
+	protected:
+		std::unique_ptr<parse_state_type> _parse_state;
+	};
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/BasicParser.cpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/Parser.cpp
index 212bf00..fd87687 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/BasicParser.cpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/Parser.cpp
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #include <iostream>
 #include <ostream>
 
-#include <openvic-dataloader/detail/BasicParser.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/Parser.hpp>
 
 #include "detail/NullBuff.hpp"
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ void BasicParser::set_error_log_to(std::basic_ostream<char>& stream) {
 }
 
 bool BasicParser::has_error() const {
-	return !_errors.empty();
+	return _has_error;
 }
 
 bool BasicParser::has_fatal_error() const {
@@ -35,15 +35,7 @@ bool BasicParser::has_fatal_error() const {
 }
 
 bool BasicParser::has_warning() const {
-	return !_warnings.empty();
-}
-
-const std::vector<ovdl::ParseError>& BasicParser::get_errors() const {
-	return _errors;
-}
-
-const std::vector<ovdl::ParseWarning>& BasicParser::get_warnings() const {
-	return _warnings;
+	return _has_warning;
 }
 
 std::string_view BasicParser::get_file_path() const {
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/StringLiteral.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/StringLiteral.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..985b087
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/StringLiteral.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,232 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <array>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <lexy/_detail/config.hpp>
+#include <lexy/_detail/integer_sequence.hpp>
+#include <lexy/dsl/identifier.hpp>
+
+namespace ovdl::detail {
+
+	template<std::size_t N, typename CharT>
+	struct string_literal;
+
+	struct _string_literal {
+	protected:
+		static constexpr auto _to_string(const auto& input) { return string_literal(input); }
+		static constexpr auto _concat(const auto&... input) { return string_literal(_to_string(input)...); }
+	};
+
+	template<std::size_t N, typename CharT = char>
+	struct string_literal : _string_literal {
+		using value_type = CharT;
+		using pointer = value_type*;
+		using const_pointer = const value_type*;
+		using reference = value_type&;
+		using const_reference = const value_type&;
+		using size_type = std::size_t;
+		using difference_type = std::ptrdiff_t;
+		using traits_type = std::char_traits<value_type>;
+
+		static constexpr size_type npos = size_type(-1);
+
+		static constexpr auto size = std::integral_constant<std::size_t, N - 1> {};
+		static constexpr auto length = size;
+
+		value_type _data[N];
+
+		constexpr string_literal() noexcept = default;
+
+		constexpr string_literal(const value_type (&literal)[N]) noexcept {
+			for (auto i = 0u; i != N; i++)
+				_data[i] = literal[i];
+		}
+
+		constexpr string_literal(value_type c) noexcept : _data {} {
+			_data[0] = c;
+		}
+
+		constexpr auto begin() noexcept { return std::begin(_data); }
+		constexpr auto end() noexcept { return std::end(_data); }
+		constexpr auto cbegin() const noexcept { return std::cbegin(_data); }
+		constexpr auto cend() const noexcept { return std::cend(_data); }
+		constexpr auto rbegin() noexcept { return std::rbegin(_data); }
+		constexpr auto rend() noexcept { return std::rend(_data); }
+		constexpr auto crbegin() const noexcept { return std::crbegin(_data); }
+		constexpr auto crend() const noexcept { return std::crend(_data); }
+
+		constexpr auto front() const noexcept { return as_string_view().front(); }
+		constexpr auto back() const noexcept { return as_string_view().back(); }
+		constexpr auto at(size_type pos) const { return as_string_view().at(pos); }
+
+		constexpr auto operator[](size_type pos) const noexcept { return as_string_view()[pos]; }
+
+		constexpr bool empty() const { return as_string_view().empty(); }
+
+		template<size_type N2>
+		constexpr bool operator==(const string_literal<N2, value_type>& other) const {
+			return as_string_view() == other.as_string_view();
+		}
+
+		constexpr bool starts_with(std::basic_string_view<value_type> sv) const noexcept { return as_string_view().starts_with(sv); }
+		constexpr bool starts_with(value_type ch) const noexcept { return as_string_view().starts_with(ch); }
+		constexpr bool starts_with(const value_type* s) const { return as_string_view().starts_with(s); }
+
+		template<size_type N2>
+		constexpr bool starts_with(const string_literal<N2, value_type>& other) const {
+			return starts_with(other.as_string_view());
+		}
+
+		constexpr bool ends_with(std::basic_string_view<value_type> sv) const noexcept { return as_string_view().ends_with(sv); }
+		constexpr bool ends_with(value_type ch) const noexcept { return as_string_view().ends_with(ch); }
+		constexpr bool ends_with(const value_type* s) const { return as_string_view().ends_with(s); }
+
+		template<size_type N2>
+		constexpr bool ends_with(const string_literal<N2, value_type>& other) const {
+			return ends_with(other.as_string_view());
+		}
+
+		constexpr auto clear() const noexcept {
+			return string_literal<0, value_type> {};
+		}
+
+		constexpr auto push_back(value_type c) const noexcept {
+			return *this + string_literal { c };
+		}
+
+		constexpr auto pop_back() const noexcept {
+			string_literal<N - 1, value_type> result {};
+			for (auto i = 0u; i != N - 2; i++)
+				result._data[i] = _data[i];
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		template<size_type count>
+		constexpr auto append(value_type ch) const noexcept {
+			string_literal<N + count, value_type> result {};
+			for (auto i = 0u; i != N; i++)
+				result._data[i] = _data[i];
+
+			for (auto i = N; i != N + count; i++)
+				result._data[i] = ch;
+
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		template<size_type N2>
+		constexpr auto append(string_literal<N2, value_type> str) const noexcept {
+			return *this + str;
+		}
+
+		template<size_type N2>
+		constexpr auto append(const value_type (&literal)[N2]) const noexcept {
+			return *this + literal;
+		}
+
+		template<size_type pos = 0, size_type count = npos>
+		constexpr auto substr() const noexcept {
+			static_assert(pos <= N, "pos must be less than or equal to N");
+			constexpr size_type result_size = std::min(count - pos, N - pos);
+
+			string_literal<result_size, value_type> result {};
+			for (size_type i = 0u, i2 = pos; i != result_size; i++, i2++)
+				result._data[i] = _data[i2];
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		constexpr auto substr() const noexcept {
+			return substr<>();
+		}
+
+		constexpr std::string_view substr(size_type pos, size_type count = npos) const noexcept {
+			return as_string_view().substr(pos, count);
+		}
+
+		constexpr size_type find(std::string_view str, size_type pos = 0) const noexcept {
+			return as_string_view().find(str, pos);
+		}
+
+		template<size_type N2>
+		constexpr size_type find(const value_type (&literal)[N2], size_type pos = 0) const noexcept {
+			return as_string_view().find(literal, pos, N2 - 2);
+		}
+
+		constexpr size_type rfind(std::string_view str, size_type pos = 0) const noexcept {
+			return as_string_view().rfind(str, pos);
+		}
+
+		template<size_type N2>
+		constexpr size_type rfind(const value_type (&literal)[N2], size_type pos = 0) const noexcept {
+			return as_string_view().find(literal, pos, N2 - 2);
+		}
+
+		constexpr int compare(std::string_view str) const noexcept {
+			return as_string_view().compare(str);
+		}
+
+		template<size_type N2>
+		constexpr int compare(const value_type (&literal)[N2]) const noexcept {
+			return as_string_view().compare(0, N, literal, N2 - 2);
+		}
+
+		constexpr operator std::basic_string_view<value_type>() const& { return as_string_view(); }
+		constexpr operator std::basic_string_view<value_type>() const&& = delete;
+
+		constexpr std::basic_string_view<value_type> as_string_view() const& { return std::basic_string_view<value_type>(_data, size() - 1); }
+		constexpr std::basic_string_view<value_type> as_string_view() const&& = delete;
+
+		constexpr operator const value_type*() const& { return c_str(); }
+		constexpr operator const value_type*() const&& = delete;
+
+		constexpr const value_type* c_str() const& { return _data; }
+		constexpr const value_type* c_str() const&& = delete;
+
+		constexpr const value_type* data() const& { return _data; }
+		constexpr const value_type* data() const&& = delete;
+
+		template<size_type N2>
+		constexpr auto operator+(const string_literal<N2, value_type>& other) const noexcept {
+			string_literal<N + N2 - 1, value_type> result {};
+			for (size_type i = 0u; i != N; i++)
+				result._data[i] = _data[i];
+
+			for (size_type i = N - 1, i2 = 0; i2 != N2; i++, i2++)
+				result._data[i] = other._data[i2];
+			return result;
+		}
+
+		template<size_type N2>
+		constexpr auto operator+(const value_type (&rhs)[N2]) const noexcept {
+			return *this + _to_string(rhs);
+		}
+
+		template<size_type N2>
+		friend constexpr auto operator+(const value_type (&lhs)[N2], string_literal<N, value_type> rhs) noexcept {
+			return _to_string(lhs) + rhs;
+		}
+	};
+	template<std::size_t N, typename CharT = char>
+	string_literal(const CharT (&)[N]) -> string_literal<N, CharT>;
+
+	template<typename CharT = char>
+	string_literal(CharT) -> string_literal<1, CharT>;
+
+	template<template<typename C, C... Cs> typename T, string_literal Str, std::size_t... Idx>
+	auto _to_type_string(lexy::_detail::index_sequence<Idx...>) {
+		return T<typename decltype(Str)::value_type, Str._data[Idx]...> {};
+	}
+	template<template<typename C, C... Cs> typename T, string_literal Str>
+	using to_type_string = decltype(ovdl::detail::_to_type_string<T, Str>(lexy::_detail::make_index_sequence<decltype(Str)::size()> {}));
+}
+
+namespace ovdl::dsl {
+	template<ovdl::detail::string_literal Str, typename L, typename T, typename... R>
+	constexpr auto keyword(lexyd::_id<L, T, R...>) {
+		return ovdl::detail::to_type_string<lexyd::_keyword<lexyd::_id<L, T>>::template get, Str> {};
+	}
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/Warnings.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/Warnings.hpp
index 8fc09bd..ab718bc 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/Warnings.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/Warnings.hpp
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 #include <openvic-dataloader/ParseWarning.hpp>
 
 namespace ovdl::v2script::warnings {
-	inline const ParseWarning make_utf8_warning(std::string_view file_path) {
+	inline const std::string make_utf8_warning(std::string_view file_path) {
 		constexpr std::string_view message_suffix = "This may cause problems. Prefer Windows-1252 encoding.";
 
 		std::string message;
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ namespace ovdl::v2script::warnings {
 			message = "File '" + std::string(file_path) + "' is a UTF-8 encoded file. " + std::string(message_suffix);
 		}
 
-		return ParseWarning { message, 1 };
+		return message;
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/dsl.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/dsl.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9b544bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/detail/dsl.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <type_traits>
+
+#include <openvic-dataloader/NodeLocation.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/ParseState.hpp>
+
+#include <lexy/callback/adapter.hpp>
+#include <lexy/callback/bind.hpp>
+#include <lexy/callback/container.hpp>
+#include <lexy/callback/fold.hpp>
+#include <lexy/dsl.hpp>
+
+#include "detail/StringLiteral.hpp"
+
+namespace ovdl::dsl {
+	template<typename ReturnType, typename... Callback>
+	constexpr auto callback(Callback... cb) {
+		return lexy::bind(lexy::callback<ReturnType>(cb...), lexy::parse_state, lexy::values);
+	}
+
+	template<typename Sink>
+	constexpr auto sink(Sink sink) {
+		return lexy::bind_sink(sink, lexy::parse_state);
+	}
+
+	template<typename Container, typename Callback>
+	constexpr auto collect(Callback callback) {
+		return sink(lexy::collect<Container>(callback));
+	}
+
+	template<typename Callback>
+	constexpr auto collect(Callback callback) {
+		return sink(lexy::collect(callback));
+	}
+
+	template<IsParseState StateType, typename T>
+	constexpr auto construct = callback<T*>(
+		[](StateType& state, ovdl::NodeLocation loc, auto&& arg) {
+			if constexpr (std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<decltype(arg)>, lexy::nullopt>)
+				return state.ast().template create<T>(loc);
+			else
+				return state.ast().template create<T>(loc, DRYAD_FWD(arg));
+		},
+		[](StateType& state, ovdl::NodeLocation loc, auto&&... args) {
+			return state.ast().template create<T>(loc, DRYAD_FWD(args)...);
+		});
+
+	template<IsParseState StateType, typename T, typename ListType, bool DisableEmpty = false>
+	constexpr auto construct_list = callback<T*>(
+		[](StateType& state, const char* begin, ListType&& arg, const char* end) {
+			return state.ast().template create<T>(NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end), DRYAD_FWD(arg));
+		},
+		[](StateType& state, const char* begin, lexy::nullopt, const char* end) {
+			return state.ast().template create<T>(NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end));
+		},
+		[](StateType& state, const char* begin, const char* end) {
+			return state.ast().template create<T>(NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end));
+		});
+
+	template<IsParseState StateType, typename T, typename ListType>
+	constexpr auto construct_list<StateType, T, ListType, true> = callback<T*>(
+		[](StateType& state, const char* begin, ListType&& arg, const char* end) {
+			return state.ast().template create<T>(NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end), DRYAD_FWD(arg));
+		},
+		[](StateType& state, const char* begin, lexy::nullopt, const char* end) {
+			return state.ast().template create<T>(NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end));
+		});
+
+	template<unsigned char LOW, unsigned char HIGH>
+	consteval auto make_range() {
+		if constexpr (LOW == HIGH) {
+			return ::lexy::dsl::lit_c<LOW>;
+		} else if constexpr (LOW == (HIGH - 1)) {
+			return ::lexy::dsl::lit_c<LOW> / ::lexy::dsl::lit_c<HIGH>;
+		} else {
+			return ::lexy::dsl::lit_c<LOW> / make_range<LOW + 1, HIGH>();
+		}
+	}
+
+	template<auto Open, auto Close>
+	constexpr auto position_brackets = lexy::dsl::brackets(lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::lit_c<Open>), lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::lit_c<Close>));
+
+	constexpr auto round_bracketed = position_brackets<'(', ')'>;
+	constexpr auto square_bracketed = position_brackets<'[', ']'>;
+	constexpr auto curly_bracketed = position_brackets<'{', '}'>;
+	constexpr auto angle_bracketed = position_brackets<'<', '>'>;
+
+	template<typename Production>
+	constexpr auto p = lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::p<Production>);
+
+	template<IsParseState ParseType, typename ReturnType, ovdl::detail::string_literal Keyword>
+	static constexpr auto default_kw_value = dsl::callback<ReturnType*>(
+		[](ParseType& state, NodeLocation loc) {
+			return state.ast().template create<ReturnType>(loc, state.ast().intern(Keyword.data(), Keyword.size()));
+		});
+
+	template<
+		IsParseState ParseType,
+		typename Identifier,
+		typename RuleValue,
+		ovdl::detail::string_literal Keyword,
+		auto Production,
+		auto Value>
+	struct keyword_rule {
+		struct rule_t {
+			static constexpr auto keyword = ovdl::dsl::keyword<Keyword>(lexy::dsl::inline_<Identifier>);
+			static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::position(keyword) >> lexy::dsl::equal_sign;
+			static constexpr auto value = Value;
+		};
+		static constexpr auto rule = dsl::p<rule_t> >> Production;
+		static constexpr auto value = construct<ParseType, RuleValue>;
+	};
+
+	template<
+		IsParseState ParseType,
+		typename Identifier,
+		typename RuleValue,
+		ovdl::detail::string_literal Keyword,
+		auto Production,
+		auto Value>
+	struct fkeyword_rule : keyword_rule<ParseType, Identifier, RuleValue, Keyword, Production, Value> {
+		using base_type = keyword_rule<ParseType, Identifier, RuleValue, Keyword, Production, Value>;
+		struct context_t;
+		struct rule_t : base_type::rule_t {
+			static constexpr auto flag = lexy::dsl::context_flag<context_t>;
+			struct too_many_error {
+				static constexpr auto name = "expected event " + Keyword + " to only be found once";
+			};
+			static constexpr auto must = lexy::dsl::must(rule_t::flag.is_reset())
+											 .
+// See https://stackoverflow.com/questions/77144003/use-of-template-keyword-before-dependent-template-name
+// THANKS FOR NOTHING MICROSOFT, CAN'T EVEN GET THE STANDARD RIGHT
+#if !defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__clang__)
+										 template
+#endif
+										 error<too_many_error>;
+		};
+		static constexpr auto make_flag = rule_t::flag.create();
+
+		static constexpr auto rule = dsl::p<rule_t> >> (rule_t::must >> rule_t::flag.set()) >> Production;
+		static constexpr auto value = construct<ParseType, RuleValue>;
+	};
+
+	template<typename... Args>
+	struct rule_helper {
+		static constexpr auto flags = (Args::make_flag + ...);
+		static constexpr auto p = (lexy::dsl::p<Args> | ...);
+	};
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/AbstractSyntaxTree.cpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/AbstractSyntaxTree.cpp
index 182d559..4754d8e 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/AbstractSyntaxTree.cpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/AbstractSyntaxTree.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,3 @@
-#include <iomanip>
-#include <sstream>
-#include <string>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-
 #include <stddef.h>
 
 #include <openvic-dataloader/v2script/AbstractSyntaxTree.hpp>
@@ -11,281 +5,146 @@
 #include <lexy/dsl/option.hpp>
 #include <lexy/input_location.hpp>
 
-using namespace ovdl::v2script::ast;
-
-static void _handle_string_characters(std::string& string, bool allow_newline) {
-	size_t position = 0;
-	for (auto& c : string) {
-		switch (c) {
-			case '\r':
-			case '\n':
-				if (allow_newline) goto END_LOOP;
-				c = ' ';
-				break;
-			default: break;
-		}
-	END_LOOP:
-		position++;
-	}
-}
-
-void ovdl::v2script::ast::copy_into_node_ptr_vector(const std::vector<NodePtr>& source, std::vector<NodeUPtr>& dest) {
-	dest.clear();
-	dest.reserve(source.size());
-	for (auto&& p : source) {
-		dest.push_back(NodeUPtr { p });
-	}
-}
-
-AbstractStringNode::AbstractStringNode() : Node({}) {}
-AbstractStringNode::AbstractStringNode(NodeLocation location, std::string&& name, bool allow_newline) : Node(location),
-																										_name(std::move(name)) {
-	_handle_string_characters(_name, allow_newline);
-}
-AbstractStringNode::AbstractStringNode(NodeLocation location) : Node(location) {}
-AbstractStringNode::AbstractStringNode(std::string&& name, bool allow_newline) : AbstractStringNode({}, std::move(name), allow_newline) {}
-
-std::ostream& AbstractStringNode::print(std::ostream& stream, size_t indent) const {
-	return stream << _name;
-}
-
-#define OVDL_AST_STRING_NODE_DEF(NAME, ...)                                                                                                     \
-	NAME::NAME() : AbstractStringNode() {}                                                                                                      \
-	NAME::NAME(std::string&& name, bool allow_newline) : AbstractStringNode(std::move(name), allow_newline) {}                                  \
-	NAME::NAME(lexy::nullopt) : AbstractStringNode() {}                                                                                         \
-	NAME::NAME(NodeLocation location) : AbstractStringNode(location) {}                                                                         \
-	NAME::NAME(NodeLocation location, std::string&& name, bool allow_newline) : AbstractStringNode(location, std::move(name), allow_newline) {} \
-	NAME::NAME(NodeLocation location, lexy::nullopt) : AbstractStringNode(location, {}, true) {}                                                \
-	std::ostream& NAME::print(std::ostream& stream, size_t indent) const __VA_ARGS__
-
-OVDL_AST_STRING_NODE_DEF(IdentifierNode, {
-	return stream << _name;
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_STRING_NODE_DEF(StringNode, {
-	return stream << '"' << _name << '"';
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_STRING_NODE_DEF(FactorNode, {
-	return stream << "factor = " << _name;
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_STRING_NODE_DEF(MonthNode, {
-	return stream << "months = " << _name;
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_STRING_NODE_DEF(NameNode, {
-	return stream << "name = " << _name;
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_STRING_NODE_DEF(FireOnlyNode, {
-	return stream << "fire_only_once = " << _name;
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_STRING_NODE_DEF(IdNode, {
-	return stream << "id = " << _name;
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_STRING_NODE_DEF(TitleNode, {
-	return stream << "title = " << _name;
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_STRING_NODE_DEF(DescNode, {
-	return stream << "desc = " << _name;
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_STRING_NODE_DEF(PictureNode, {
-	return stream << "picture = " << _name;
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_STRING_NODE_DEF(IsTriggeredNode, {
-	return stream << "is_triggered_only = " << _name;
-});
-
-#undef OVDL_AST_STRING_NODE_DEF
-
-AssignNode::AssignNode(NodeLocation location, NodeCPtr name, NodePtr init)
-	: Node(location),
-	  _initializer(std::move(init)) {
-	if (name->is_type<IdentifierNode>()) {
-		_name = cast_node_cptr<IdentifierNode>(name)._name;
-	}
-}
-
-std::ostream& Node::print_ptr(std::ostream& stream, NodeCPtr node, size_t indent) {
-	return node != nullptr ? node->print(stream, indent) : stream << "<NULL>";
-}
-
-static std::ostream& print_newline_indent(std::ostream& stream, size_t indent) {
-	return stream << "\n"
-				  << std::setw(indent) << std::setfill('\t') << "";
-}
-
-/* Starts with a newline and ends at the end of a line, and so
- * should be followed by a call to print_newline_indent.
- */
-static std::ostream& print_nodeuptr_vector(const std::vector<NodeUPtr>& nodes,
-	std::ostream& stream, size_t indent) {
-	for (NodeUPtr const& node : nodes) {
-		print_newline_indent(stream, indent);
-		Node::print_ptr(stream, node.get(), indent);
-	}
-	return stream;
-}
-
-AbstractListNode::AbstractListNode(NodeLocation location, const std::vector<NodePtr>& statements) : Node(location) {
-	copy_into_node_ptr_vector(statements, _statements);
-}
-AbstractListNode::AbstractListNode(const std::vector<NodePtr>& statements) : AbstractListNode({}, statements) {}
-std::ostream& AbstractListNode::print(std::ostream& stream, size_t indent) const {
-	stream << '{';
-	if (!_statements.empty()) {
-		print_nodeuptr_vector(_statements, stream, indent + 1);
-		print_newline_indent(stream, indent);
-	}
-	return stream << "}";
-}
-
-#define OVDL_AST_LIST_NODE_DEF(NAME, ...)                                                                                 \
-	NAME::NAME(const std::vector<NodePtr>& statements) : AbstractListNode(statements) {}                                  \
-	NAME::NAME(lexy::nullopt) : AbstractListNode() {}                                                                     \
-	NAME::NAME(NodeLocation location, const std::vector<NodePtr>& statements) : AbstractListNode(location, statements) {} \
-	NAME::NAME(NodeLocation location, lexy::nullopt) : AbstractListNode(location, {}) {}                                  \
-	std::ostream& NAME::print(std::ostream& stream, size_t indent) const __VA_ARGS__
-
-OVDL_AST_LIST_NODE_DEF(FileNode, {
-	print_nodeuptr_vector(_statements, stream, indent);
-	return print_newline_indent(stream, indent);
-});
+#include <dryad/node.hpp>
+#include <dryad/tree.hpp>
 
-OVDL_AST_LIST_NODE_DEF(ListNode, {
-	stream << '{';
-	if (!_statements.empty()) {
-		print_nodeuptr_vector(_statements, stream, indent + 1);
-		print_newline_indent(stream, indent);
-	}
-	return stream << "}";
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_LIST_NODE_DEF(ModifierNode, {
-	stream << "modifier = {";
-	if (!_statements.empty()) {
-		print_nodeuptr_vector(_statements, stream, indent + 1);
-		print_newline_indent(stream, indent);
-	}
-	return stream << '}';
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_LIST_NODE_DEF(MtthNode, {
-	stream << "mean_time_to_happen = {";
-	if (!_statements.empty()) {
-		print_nodeuptr_vector(_statements, stream, indent + 1);
-		print_newline_indent(stream, indent);
-	}
-	return stream << '}';
-});
+#include <range/v3/view/drop.hpp>
 
-OVDL_AST_LIST_NODE_DEF(EventOptionNode, {
-	stream << "option = {";
-	if (!_statements.empty()) {
-		print_nodeuptr_vector(_statements, stream, indent + 1);
-		print_newline_indent(stream, indent);
-	}
-	return stream << '}';
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_LIST_NODE_DEF(BehaviorListNode, {
-	stream << "ai_chance = {"; // may be ai_chance or ai_will_do
-	if (!_statements.empty()) {
-		print_nodeuptr_vector(_statements, stream, indent + 1);
-		print_newline_indent(stream, indent);
-	}
-	return stream << '}';
-});
-
-OVDL_AST_LIST_NODE_DEF(DecisionListNode, {
-	stream << "political_decisions = {";
-	if (!_statements.empty()) {
-		print_nodeuptr_vector(_statements, stream, indent + 1);
-		print_newline_indent(stream, indent);
-	}
-	return stream << '}';
-});
-
-#undef OVDL_AST_LIST_NODE_DEF
-
-EventNode::EventNode(NodeLocation location, Type type, const std::vector<NodePtr>& statements) : AbstractListNode(location),
-																								 _type(type) {
-	copy_into_node_ptr_vector(statements, _statements);
-}
-EventNode::EventNode(Type type, const std::vector<NodePtr>& statements) : EventNode({}, type, statements) {}
-std::ostream& EventNode::print(std::ostream& stream, size_t indent) const {
-	switch (_type) {
-		case Type::Country: stream << "country_event = "; break;
-		case Type::Province: stream << "province_event = "; break;
-	}
-	stream << '{';
-	if (!_statements.empty()) {
-		print_nodeuptr_vector(_statements, stream, indent + 1);
-		print_newline_indent(stream, indent);
-	}
-	return stream << '}';
-}
-
-DecisionNode::DecisionNode(NodeLocation location, NodePtr name, const std::vector<NodePtr>& statements) : AbstractListNode(location),
-																										  _name(std::move(name)) {
-	copy_into_node_ptr_vector(statements, _statements);
-}
-DecisionNode::DecisionNode(NodePtr name, const std::vector<NodePtr>& statements) : DecisionNode({}, name, statements) {}
-std::ostream& DecisionNode::print(std::ostream& stream, size_t indent) const {
-	print_ptr(stream, _name.get(), indent) << " = {";
-	if (!_statements.empty()) {
-		print_nodeuptr_vector(_statements, stream, indent + 1);
-		print_newline_indent(stream, indent);
-	}
-	return stream << '}';
-}
-
-ExecutionNode::ExecutionNode(NodeLocation location, Type type, NodePtr name, NodePtr init) : Node(location),
-																							 _type(type),
-																							 _name(std::move(name)),
-																							 _initializer(std::move(init)) {
-}
-ExecutionNode::ExecutionNode(Type type, NodePtr name, NodePtr init) : ExecutionNode({}, type, name, init) {}
-std::ostream& ExecutionNode::print(std::ostream& stream, size_t indent) const {
-	print_ptr(stream, _name.get(), indent) << " = ";
-	if (_initializer) {
-		Node::print_ptr(stream, _initializer.get(), indent + 1);
-	}
-	return stream;
-}
-
-ExecutionListNode::ExecutionListNode(NodeLocation location, ExecutionNode::Type type, const std::vector<NodePtr>& statements) : AbstractListNode(location),
-																																_type(type) {
-	copy_into_node_ptr_vector(statements, _statements);
-}
-ExecutionListNode::ExecutionListNode(ExecutionNode::Type type, const std::vector<NodePtr>& statements) : ExecutionListNode({}, type, statements) {}
-std::ostream& ExecutionListNode::print(std::ostream& stream, size_t indent) const {
-	// Only way to make a valid declared parsable file
-	stream << "{ ";
-	switch (_type) {
-		case ExecutionNode::Type::Effect: stream << "effect = {"; break;
-		case ExecutionNode::Type::Trigger: stream << "trigger = {"; break;
-	}
-	if (!_statements.empty()) {
-		print_nodeuptr_vector(_statements, stream, indent + 1);
-		print_newline_indent(stream, indent);
-	}
-	return stream << "}}";
-}
+using namespace ovdl::v2script::ast;
 
-Node::operator std::string() const {
-	std::stringstream ss;
-	ss << *this;
-	return ss.str();
-}
+ListValue::ListValue(dryad::node_ctor ctor, StatementList statements)
+	: node_base(ctor) {
+	insert_child_list_after(nullptr, statements);
+	if (statements.empty()) {
+		_last_statement = nullptr;
+	} else {
+		_last_statement = statements.back();
+	}
+}
+
+FileTree::FileTree(dryad::node_ctor ctor, StatementList statements) : node_base(ctor) {
+	insert_child_list_after(nullptr, statements);
+	if (statements.empty()) {
+		_last_node = nullptr;
+	} else {
+		_last_node = statements.back();
+	}
+}
+
+// static void _handle_string_characters(std::string& string, bool allow_newline) {
+// 	size_t position = 0;
+// 	for (auto& c : string) {
+// 		switch (c) {
+// 			case '\r':
+// 			case '\n':
+// 				if (allow_newline) goto END_LOOP;
+// 				c = ' ';
+// 				break;
+// 			default: break;
+// 		}
+// 	END_LOOP:
+// 		position++;
+// 	}
+// }
+
+std::string AbstractSyntaxTree::make_list_visualizer() const {
+	const int INDENT_SIZE = 2;
+
+	std::string result;
+	unsigned int level = 0;
+
+	for (auto [event, node] : dryad::traverse(_tree)) {
+		if (event == dryad::traverse_event::exit) {
+			--level;
+			continue;
+		}
 
-std::ostream& AssignNode::print(std::ostream& stream, size_t indent) const {
-	stream << _name << " = ";
-	return Node::print_ptr(stream, _initializer.get(), indent);
+		result.append(INDENT_SIZE * level, ' ');
+		result.append(fmt::format("- {}: ", get_kind_name(node->kind())));
+
+		dryad::visit_node(
+			node,
+			[&](const FlatValue* value) {
+				result.append(value->value(_symbol_interner));
+			},
+			[&](const ListValue* value) {
+			},
+			[&](const NullValue* value) {
+			},
+			[&](const EventStatement* statement) {
+				result.append(statement->is_province_event() ? "province_event" : "country_event");
+			},
+			[&](const AssignStatement* statement) {
+			},
+			[&](const FileTree* tree) {
+			});
+
+		result.append(1, '\n');
+
+		if (event == dryad::traverse_event::enter)
+			++level;
+	}
+
+	return result;
+}
+
+std::string AbstractSyntaxTree::make_native_visualizer() const {
+	constexpr int INDENT_SIZE = 2;
+
+	std::string result;
+	unsigned int level = 0;
+
+	dryad::visit_tree(
+		_tree,
+		[&](const IdentifierValue* value) {
+			result.append(value->value(_symbol_interner));
+		},
+		[&](const StringValue* value) {
+			result.append(1, '"').append(value->value(_symbol_interner)).append(1, '"');
+		},
+		[&](dryad::child_visitor<NodeKind> visitor, const ValueStatement* statement) {
+			visitor(statement->value());
+		},
+		[&](dryad::child_visitor<NodeKind> visitor, const AssignStatement* statement) {
+			visitor(statement->left());
+			if (statement->right()->kind() != NodeKind::NullValue) {
+				result.append(" = ");
+				visitor(statement->right());
+			}
+		},
+		[&](dryad::child_visitor<NodeKind> visitor, const ListValue* value) {
+			result.append(1, '{');
+			level++;
+			for (const auto& statement : value->statements()) {
+				result
+					.append(1, '\n')
+					.append(INDENT_SIZE * level, ' ');
+				visitor(statement);
+			}
+			level--;
+			result
+				.append(1, '\n')
+				.append(INDENT_SIZE * level, ' ')
+				.append(1, '}');
+		},
+		[&](dryad::child_visitor<NodeKind> visitor, const EventStatement* statement) {
+			result.append(statement->is_province_event() ? "province_event" : "country_event");
+			if (statement->right()->kind() != NodeKind::NullValue) {
+				result.append(" = ");
+				visitor(statement->right());
+			}
+		},
+		[&](dryad::child_visitor<NodeKind> visitor, const FileTree* value) {
+			auto statements = value->statements();
+			visitor(*statements.begin());
+
+			for (const auto& statement : statements | ranges::views::drop(1)) {
+				result
+					.append(1, '\n')
+					.append(INDENT_SIZE * level, ' ');
+				visitor(statement);
+			}
+		});
+
+	return result;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/AiBehaviorGrammar.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/AiBehaviorGrammar.hpp
index e04f447..7fcd13d 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/AiBehaviorGrammar.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/AiBehaviorGrammar.hpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <openvic-dataloader/v2script/AbstractSyntaxTree.hpp>
 
+#include <lexy/callback/forward.hpp>
 #include <lexy/dsl.hpp>
 
 #include "ModifierGrammar.hpp"
@@ -10,23 +11,12 @@ namespace ovdl::v2script::grammar {
 	struct AiBehaviorList {
 		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::list(lexy::dsl::p<FactorStatement> | lexy::dsl::p<ModifierStatement>);
 
-		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >>
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](auto&& list) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::BehaviorListNode>(LEXY_MOV(list));
-				});
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<ast::AssignStatementList>;
 	};
 
 	struct AiBehaviorBlock {
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed.opt(lexy::dsl::p<AiBehaviorList>);
+		static constexpr auto rule = dsl::curly_bracketed.opt(lexy::dsl::p<AiBehaviorList>);
 
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-			[](auto&& list) {
-				return LEXY_MOV(list);
-			},
-			[](lexy::nullopt = {}) {
-				return lexy::nullopt {};
-			});
+		static constexpr auto value = construct_list<ast::ListValue>;
 	};
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/DecisionGrammar.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/DecisionGrammar.hpp
index 3bd5cba..05cb8cc 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/DecisionGrammar.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/DecisionGrammar.hpp
@@ -1,109 +1,49 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <vector>
-
 #include <openvic-dataloader/v2script/AbstractSyntaxTree.hpp>
 
 #include <lexy/callback.hpp>
 #include <lexy/callback/adapter.hpp>
+#include <lexy/callback/constant.hpp>
 #include <lexy/callback/container.hpp>
 #include <lexy/dsl.hpp>
+#include <lexy/dsl/brackets.hpp>
 #include <lexy/dsl/option.hpp>
+#include <lexy/dsl/position.hpp>
+#include <lexy/dsl/production.hpp>
 
-#include "AiBehaviorGrammar.hpp"
-#include "SimpleGrammar.hpp"
-#include "TriggerGrammar.hpp"
+#include "v2script/AiBehaviorGrammar.hpp"
+#include "v2script/TriggerGrammar.hpp"
 
 // Decision Grammar Definitions //
 namespace ovdl::v2script::grammar {
-	//////////////////
-	// Macros
-	//////////////////
-// Produces <KW_NAME>_rule and <KW_NAME>_p
-#define OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_DEFINE(KW_NAME)                                                                        \
-	struct KW_NAME##_rule {                                                                                         \
-		static constexpr auto keyword = LEXY_KEYWORD(#KW_NAME, lexy::dsl::inline_<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>); \
-		static constexpr auto rule = keyword >> lexy::dsl::equal_sign;                                              \
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::noop;                                                                   \
-	};                                                                                                              \
-	static constexpr auto KW_NAME##_p = lexy::dsl::p<KW_NAME##_rule>
-
-// Produces <KW_NAME>_rule and <KW_NAME>_p and <KW_NAME>_rule::flag and <KW_NAME>_rule::too_many_error
-#define OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(KW_NAME)                                                                   \
-	struct KW_NAME##_rule {                                                                                         \
-		static constexpr auto keyword = LEXY_KEYWORD(#KW_NAME, lexy::dsl::inline_<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>); \
-		static constexpr auto rule = keyword >> lexy::dsl::equal_sign;                                              \
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::noop;                                                                   \
-		static constexpr auto flag = lexy::dsl::context_flag<struct KW_NAME##_context>;                             \
-		struct too_many_error {                                                                                     \
-			static constexpr auto name = "expected left side " #KW_NAME " to be found once";                        \
-		};                                                                                                          \
-	};                                                                                                              \
-	static constexpr auto KW_NAME##_p = lexy::dsl::p<KW_NAME##_rule> >> (lexy::dsl::must(KW_NAME##_rule::flag.is_reset()).error<KW_NAME##_rule::too_many_error> + KW_NAME##_rule::flag.set())
-	//////////////////
-	// Macros
-	//////////////////
 	struct DecisionStatement {
-		template<auto Production, typename AstNode>
-		struct _StringStatement {
-			static constexpr auto rule = Production >> (lexy::dsl::p<StringExpression<StringEscapeOption>> | lexy::dsl::p<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>);
-			static constexpr auto value = lexy::forward<ast::NodePtr>;
-		};
-		template<auto Production, typename AstNode>
-		static constexpr auto StringStatement = lexy::dsl::p<_StringStatement<Production, AstNode>>;
+		using potential = fkeyword_rule<"potential", lexy::dsl::p<TriggerBlock>>;
+		using allow = fkeyword_rule<"allow", lexy::dsl::p<TriggerBlock>>;
+		using effect = fkeyword_rule<"effect", lexy::dsl::p<TriggerBlock>>;
+		using ai_will_do = fkeyword_rule<"ai_will_do", lexy::dsl::p<AiBehaviorBlock>>;
 
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(potential);
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(allow);
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(effect);
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(ai_will_do);
+		using helper = dsl::rule_helper<potential, allow, effect, ai_will_do>;
 
-		static constexpr auto rule = [] {
-			constexpr auto create_flags =
-				potential_rule::flag.create() +
-				allow_rule::flag.create() +
-				effect_rule::flag.create() +
-				ai_will_do_rule::flag.create();
+		struct List {
+			static constexpr auto rule = dsl::curly_bracketed.opt_list(helper::p | lexy::dsl::p<SAssignStatement<StringEscapeOption>>);
 
-			constexpr auto potential_statement = potential_p >> lexy::dsl::p<TriggerBlock>;
-			constexpr auto allow_statement = allow_p >> lexy::dsl::p<TriggerBlock>;
-			constexpr auto effect_statement = effect_p >> lexy::dsl::p<TriggerBlock>;
-			constexpr auto ai_will_do_statement = ai_will_do_p >> lexy::dsl::p<AiBehaviorBlock>;
+			static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<ast::AssignStatementList> >> construct_list<ast::ListValue>;
+		};
 
-			return lexy::dsl::p<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>> >>
-				   (create_flags + lexy::dsl::equal_sign +
-					   lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed.list(
-						   potential_statement |
-						   allow_statement |
-						   effect_statement |
-						   ai_will_do_statement |
-						   lexy::dsl::p<SimpleAssignmentStatement<StringEscapeOption>>));
-		}();
+		static constexpr auto rule =
+			dsl::p<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>> >>
+			(helper::flags + lexy::dsl::equal_sign + lexy::dsl::p<List>);
 
-		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >>
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](auto&& name, auto&& list) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::DecisionNode>(LEXY_MOV(name), LEXY_MOV(list));
-				},
-				[](auto&& name, lexy::nullopt = {}) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::DecisionNode>(LEXY_MOV(name));
-				});
+		static constexpr auto value = construct<ast::AssignStatement>;
 	};
 
 	struct DecisionList {
 		static constexpr auto rule =
-			LEXY_KEYWORD("political_decisions", lexy::dsl::inline_<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>) >>
-			(lexy::dsl::equal_sign + lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed.opt_list(lexy::dsl::p<DecisionStatement>));
+			ovdl::dsl::keyword<"political_decisions">(lexy::dsl::inline_<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>) >>
+			(lexy::dsl::equal_sign >> lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed.opt_list(lexy::dsl::p<DecisionStatement>));
 
-		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >>
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](auto&& list) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::DecisionListNode>(LEXY_MOV(list));
-				},
-				[](lexy::nullopt = {}) {
-					return lexy::nullopt {};
-				});
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<ast::AssignStatementList>;
 	};
 
 	struct DecisionFile {
@@ -111,15 +51,8 @@ namespace ovdl::v2script::grammar {
 		static constexpr auto whitespace = whitespace_specifier | comment_specifier;
 
 		static constexpr auto rule =
-			lexy::dsl::terminator(lexy::dsl::eof).list( //
-				lexy::dsl::p<DecisionList> |			//
-				lexy::dsl::p<SimpleAssignmentStatement<StringEscapeOption>>);
+			lexy::dsl::position + lexy::dsl::terminator(lexy::dsl::eof).opt_list(lexy::dsl::p<DecisionList>);
 
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >> lexy::new_<ast::FileNode, ast::NodePtr>;
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::concat<ast::AssignStatementList> >> construct<ast::FileTree>;
 	};
-
-#undef OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_DEFINE
-#undef OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE
-#undef OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_STATEMENT
-#undef OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_STATEMENT
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/EffectGrammar.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/EffectGrammar.hpp
index 1b85382..10f8348 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/EffectGrammar.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/EffectGrammar.hpp
@@ -6,37 +6,24 @@
 #include <lexy/dsl.hpp>
 
 #include "SimpleGrammar.hpp"
+#include "detail/dsl.hpp"
 
 namespace ovdl::v2script::grammar {
 	struct EffectStatement {
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::inline_<SimpleAssignmentStatement<StringEscapeOption>>;
+		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::p<SAssignStatement<StringEscapeOption>>;
 
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-			[](auto name, auto&& initalizer) {
-				return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::ExecutionNode>(ast::ExecutionNode::Type::Effect, LEXY_MOV(name), LEXY_MOV(initalizer));
-			});
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::forward<ast::AssignStatement*>;
 	};
 
 	struct EffectList {
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::list(lexy::dsl::p<SimpleAssignmentStatement<StringEscapeOption>>);
-
-		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >>
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](auto&& list) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::ExecutionListNode>(ast::ExecutionNode::Type::Effect, LEXY_MOV(list));
-				});
+		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::list(lexy::dsl::p<EffectStatement>);
+
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<ast::AssignStatementList>;
 	};
 
 	struct EffectBlock {
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed.opt(lexy::dsl::p<EffectList>);
-
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-			[](auto&& list) {
-				return LEXY_MOV(list);
-			},
-			[](lexy::nullopt = {}) {
-				return lexy::nullopt {};
-			});
+		static constexpr auto rule = dsl::curly_bracketed.opt(lexy::dsl::p<EffectList>);
+
+		static constexpr auto value = construct_list<ast::ListValue>;
 	};
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/EventGrammar.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/EventGrammar.hpp
index 57cd170..c81a173 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/EventGrammar.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/EventGrammar.hpp
@@ -1,168 +1,109 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstdlib>
 
 #include <openvic-dataloader/v2script/AbstractSyntaxTree.hpp>
 
 #include <lexy/callback.hpp>
 #include <lexy/dsl.hpp>
+#include <lexy/grammar.hpp>
+
+#include "openvic-dataloader/NodeLocation.hpp"
 
-#include "AiBehaviorGrammar.hpp"
-#include "EffectGrammar.hpp"
-#include "ModifierGrammar.hpp"
 #include "SimpleGrammar.hpp"
-#include "TriggerGrammar.hpp"
+#include "detail/dsl.hpp"
+#include "v2script/AiBehaviorGrammar.hpp"
+#include "v2script/EffectGrammar.hpp"
+#include "v2script/ModifierGrammar.hpp"
 
 // Event Grammar Definitions //
 namespace ovdl::v2script::grammar {
-	//////////////////
-	// Macros
-	//////////////////
-// Produces <KW_NAME>_rule and <KW_NAME>_p
-#define OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_DEFINE(KW_NAME)                                                                        \
-	struct KW_NAME##_rule {                                                                                         \
-		static constexpr auto keyword = LEXY_KEYWORD(#KW_NAME, lexy::dsl::inline_<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>); \
-		static constexpr auto rule = keyword >> lexy::dsl::equal_sign;                                              \
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::noop;                                                                   \
-	};                                                                                                              \
-	static constexpr auto KW_NAME##_p = lexy::dsl::p<KW_NAME##_rule>
-
-// Produces <KW_NAME>_rule and <KW_NAME>_p and <KW_NAME>_rule::flag and <KW_NAME>_rule::too_many_error
-#define OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(KW_NAME)                                                                   \
-	struct KW_NAME##_rule {                                                                                         \
-		static constexpr auto keyword = LEXY_KEYWORD(#KW_NAME, lexy::dsl::inline_<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>); \
-		static constexpr auto rule = keyword >> lexy::dsl::equal_sign;                                              \
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::noop;                                                                   \
-		static constexpr auto flag = lexy::dsl::context_flag<struct KW_NAME##_context>;                             \
-		struct too_many_error {                                                                                     \
-			static constexpr auto name = "expected left side " #KW_NAME " to be found once";                        \
-		};                                                                                                          \
-	};                                                                                                              \
-	static constexpr auto KW_NAME##_p = lexy::dsl::p<KW_NAME##_rule> >> (lexy::dsl::must(KW_NAME##_rule::flag.is_reset()).error<KW_NAME##_rule::too_many_error> + KW_NAME##_rule::flag.set())
-	//////////////////
-	// Macros
-	//////////////////
-	static constexpr auto event_symbols = lexy::symbol_table<ast::EventNode::Type> //
-											  .map<LEXY_SYMBOL("country_event")>(ast::EventNode::Type::Country)
-											  .map<LEXY_SYMBOL("province_event")>(ast::EventNode::Type::Province);
+	static constexpr auto event_symbols = lexy::symbol_table<bool> //
+											  .map<LEXY_SYMBOL("country_event")>(false)
+											  .map<LEXY_SYMBOL("province_event")>(true);
 
 	struct EventMtthStatement {
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_DEFINE(months);
-
 		struct MonthValue {
-			static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::inline_<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>;
-			static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_string<std::string> | lexy::new_<ast::MonthNode, ast::NodePtr>;
+			static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::p<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>;
+			static constexpr auto value = dsl::callback<ast::IdentifierValue*>(
+				[](ast::ParseState& state, ast::IdentifierValue* value) {
+					bool is_number = true;
+					for (auto* current = value->value(state.ast().symbol_interner()); *current; current++) {
+						is_number = is_number && std::isdigit(*current);
+						if (!is_number) break;
+					}
+					if (!is_number) {
+						state.logger().warning("month is not an integer") //
+							.primary(state.ast().location_of(value), "here")
+							.finish();
+					}
+					return value;
+				});
 		};
 
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::list(
-			(months_p >> lexy::dsl::p<MonthValue>) |
-			lexy::dsl::p<ModifierStatement>);
+		using months = keyword_rule<"months", lexy::dsl::p<MonthValue>>;
 
-		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >>
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](auto&& list) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::MtthNode>(LEXY_MOV(list));
-				});
-	};
+		static constexpr auto rule = dsl::curly_bracketed(lexy::dsl::p<months> | lexy::dsl::p<ModifierStatement>);
 
-	template<auto Production, typename AstNode>
-	struct _StringStatement {
-		static constexpr auto rule = Production >> (lexy::dsl::p<StringExpression<StringEscapeOption>> | lexy::dsl::p<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>);
-		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](auto&& value) {
-					auto result = ast::make_node_ptr<AstNode>(std::move(static_cast<ast::AbstractStringNode*>(value)->_name));
-					delete value;
-					return result;
-				});
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<ast::AssignStatementList> >> construct_list<ast::ListValue, true>;
 	};
-	template<auto Production, typename AstNode>
-	static constexpr auto StringStatement = lexy::dsl::p<_StringStatement<Production, AstNode>>;
+
+	static constexpr auto str_or_id = lexy::dsl::p<SimpleGrammar<StringEscapeOption>::ValueExpression>;
 
 	struct EventOptionList {
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(name);
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(ai_chance);
+		using name = fkeyword_rule<"name", str_or_id>;
+		using ai_chance = fkeyword_rule<"ai_chance", lexy::dsl::p<AiBehaviorBlock>>;
 
 		static constexpr auto rule = [] {
-			constexpr auto create_flags = name_rule::flag.create() + ai_chance_rule::flag.create();
-
-			constexpr auto name_statement = StringStatement<name_p, ast::NameNode>;
-			constexpr auto ai_chance_statement = ai_chance_p >> lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed(lexy::dsl::p<AiBehaviorList>);
+			using helper = dsl::rule_helper<name, ai_chance>;
 
-			return create_flags + lexy::dsl::list(name_statement | ai_chance_statement | lexy::dsl::p<EffectList>);
+			return dsl::curly_bracketed(helper::flags + lexy::dsl::list(helper::p | lexy::dsl::p<EffectStatement>));
 		}();
 
-		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >>
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](auto&& list) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::EventOptionNode>(LEXY_MOV(list));
-				});
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<ast::AssignStatementList> >> construct_list<ast::ListValue, true>;
 	};
 
 	struct EventStatement {
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(id);
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(title);
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(desc);
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(picture);
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(is_triggered_only);
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(fire_only_once);
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(immediate);
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE(mean_time_to_happen);
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_DEFINE(trigger);
-		OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_DEFINE(option);
+		using id = fkeyword_rule<"id", str_or_id>;
+		using title = fkeyword_rule<"title", str_or_id>;
+		using desc = fkeyword_rule<"desc", str_or_id>;
+		using picture = fkeyword_rule<"picture", str_or_id>;
+		using is_triggered_only = fkeyword_rule<"is_triggered_only", str_or_id>;
+		using fire_only_once = fkeyword_rule<"fire_only_once", str_or_id>;
+		using immediate = fkeyword_rule<"immediate", lexy::dsl::p<EffectBlock>>;
+		using mean_time_to_happen = fkeyword_rule<"mean_time_to_happen", lexy::dsl::p<EventMtthStatement>>;
+		using trigger = keyword_rule<"trigger", lexy::dsl::p<TriggerBlock>>;
+		using option = keyword_rule<"option", lexy::dsl::p<EventOptionList>>;
+
+		struct EventList {
+			static constexpr auto rule = [] {
+				using helper = dsl::rule_helper<id, title, desc, picture, is_triggered_only, fire_only_once, immediate, mean_time_to_happen>;
+
+				return helper::flags +
+					   dsl::curly_bracketed.opt_list(
+						   helper::p | lexy::dsl::p<trigger> | lexy::dsl::p<option> |
+						   lexy::dsl::p<SAssignStatement<StringEscapeOption>>);
+			}();
+
+			static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<ast::AssignStatementList> >> construct_list<ast::ListValue, true>;
+		};
 
-		static constexpr auto rule = [] {
-			constexpr auto symbol_value = lexy::dsl::symbol<event_symbols>(lexy::dsl::inline_<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>);
-
-			constexpr auto create_flags =
-				id_rule::flag.create() +
-				title_rule::flag.create() +
-				desc_rule::flag.create() +
-				picture_rule::flag.create() +
-				is_triggered_only_rule::flag.create() +
-				fire_only_once_rule::flag.create() +
-				immediate_rule::flag.create() +
-				mean_time_to_happen_rule::flag.create();
-
-			constexpr auto id_statement = StringStatement<id_p, ast::IdNode>;
-			constexpr auto title_statement = StringStatement<title_p, ast::TitleNode>;
-			constexpr auto desc_statement = StringStatement<desc_p, ast::DescNode>;
-			constexpr auto picture_statement = StringStatement<picture_p, ast::PictureNode>;
-			constexpr auto is_triggered_only_statement = StringStatement<is_triggered_only_p, ast::IsTriggeredNode>;
-			constexpr auto fire_only_once_statement = StringStatement<fire_only_once_p, ast::FireOnlyNode>;
-			constexpr auto immediate_statement = immediate_p >> lexy::dsl::p<EffectBlock>;
-			constexpr auto mean_time_to_happen_statement = mean_time_to_happen_p >> lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed(lexy::dsl::p<EventMtthStatement>);
-
-			constexpr auto trigger_statement = trigger_p >> lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed.opt(lexy::dsl::p<TriggerList>);
-			constexpr auto option_statement = option_p >> lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed(lexy::dsl::p<EventOptionList>);
-
-			return symbol_value >>
-				   (create_flags + lexy::dsl::equal_sign +
-					   lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed.opt_list(
-						   id_statement |
-						   title_statement |
-						   desc_statement |
-						   picture_statement |
-						   is_triggered_only_statement |
-						   fire_only_once_statement |
-						   immediate_statement |
-						   mean_time_to_happen_statement |
-						   trigger_statement |
-						   option_statement |
-						   lexy::dsl::p<SimpleAssignmentStatement<StringEscapeOption>>));
-		}();
+		static constexpr auto rule = dsl::p<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>> >> lexy::dsl::equal_sign >> lexy::dsl::p<EventList>;
 
 		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >>
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](auto& type, auto&& list) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::EventNode>(type, LEXY_MOV(list));
-				},
-				[](auto& type, lexy::nullopt = {}) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::EventNode>(type);
+			dsl::callback<ast::EventStatement*>(
+				[](ast::ParseState& state, NodeLocation loc, ast::IdentifierValue* name, ast::ListValue* list) {
+					static auto country_decl = state.ast().intern_cstr("country_event");
+					static auto province_decl = state.ast().intern_cstr("province_event");
+
+					if (name->value(state.ast().symbol_interner()) != country_decl || name->value(state.ast().symbol_interner()) != province_decl) {
+						state.logger().warning("event declarator \"{}\" is not {} or {}", name->value(state.ast().symbol_interner()), country_decl, province_decl) //
+							.primary(loc, "here")
+							.finish();
+					}
+
+					return state.ast().create<ast::EventStatement>(loc, name->value(state.ast().symbol_interner()) == province_decl, list);
 				});
 	};
 
@@ -170,13 +111,8 @@ namespace ovdl::v2script::grammar {
 		// Allow arbitrary spaces between individual tokens.
 		static constexpr auto whitespace = whitespace_specifier | comment_specifier;
 
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::terminator(lexy::dsl::eof).list(lexy::dsl::p<EventStatement> | lexy::dsl::p<SimpleAssignmentStatement<StringEscapeOption>>);
+		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::position + lexy::dsl::terminator(lexy::dsl::eof).list(lexy::dsl::p<EventStatement> | lexy::dsl::p<SAssignStatement<StringEscapeOption>>);
 
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >> lexy::new_<ast::FileNode, ast::NodePtr>;
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<ast::StatementList> >> construct<ast::FileTree>;
 	};
-
-#undef OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_DEFINE
-#undef OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_DEFINE
-#undef OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_STATEMENT
-#undef OVDL_GRAMMAR_KEYWORD_FLAG_STATEMENT
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/LuaDefinesGrammar.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/LuaDefinesGrammar.hpp
index b64d0f9..4d27d3e 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/LuaDefinesGrammar.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/LuaDefinesGrammar.hpp
@@ -1,11 +1,25 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <lexy/_detail/config.hpp>
 #include <lexy/dsl.hpp>
 
+#include "openvic-dataloader/v2script/AbstractSyntaxTree.hpp"
+
 #include "SimpleGrammar.hpp"
-#include "detail/LexyLitRange.hpp"
+#include "detail/dsl.hpp"
 
 namespace ovdl::v2script::lua::grammar {
+	template<typename ReturnType, typename... Callback>
+	constexpr auto callback(Callback... cb) {
+		return dsl::callback<ReturnType>(cb...);
+	}
+
+	template<typename T>
+	constexpr auto construct = v2script::grammar::construct<T>;
+
+	template<typename T>
+	constexpr auto construct_list = v2script::grammar::construct_list<T>;
+
 	struct ParseOptions {
 	};
 
@@ -17,20 +31,20 @@ namespace ovdl::v2script::lua::grammar {
 	template<ParseOptions Options>
 	struct Identifier {
 		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::identifier(lexy::dsl::ascii::alpha_underscore, lexy::dsl::ascii::alpha_digit_underscore);
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-			[](auto lexeme) {
-				std::string str(lexeme.data(), lexeme.size());
-				return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::IdentifierNode>(ast::NodeLocation { lexeme.begin(), lexeme.end() }, LEXY_MOV(str));
+		static constexpr auto value = callback<ast::IdentifierValue*>(
+			[](ast::ParseState& state, auto lexeme) {
+				auto value = state.ast().intern(lexeme.data(), lexeme.size());
+				return state.ast().create<ast::IdentifierValue>(lexeme.begin(), lexeme.end(), value);
 			});
 	};
 
 	template<ParseOptions Options>
 	struct Value {
 		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::identifier(lexy::dsl::ascii::digit / lexy::dsl::lit_c<'.'> / lexy::dsl::lit_c<'-'>);
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-			[](auto lexeme) {
-				std::string str(lexeme.data(), lexeme.size());
-				return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::IdentifierNode>(ast::NodeLocation { lexeme.begin(), lexeme.end() }, LEXY_MOV(str));
+		static constexpr auto value = callback<ast::IdentifierValue*>(
+			[](ast::ParseState& state, auto lexeme) {
+				auto value = state.ast().intern(lexeme.data(), lexeme.size());
+				return state.ast().create<ast::IdentifierValue>(lexeme.begin(), lexeme.end(), value);
 			});
 	};
 
@@ -38,66 +52,50 @@ namespace ovdl::v2script::lua::grammar {
 	struct String {
 		static constexpr auto rule = [] {
 			// Arbitrary code points that aren't control characters.
-			auto c = ovdl::detail::lexydsl::make_range<0x20, 0xFF>() - lexy::dsl::ascii::control;
+			auto c = dsl::make_range<0x20, 0xFF>() - lexy::dsl::ascii::control;
 
 			return lexy::dsl::delimited(lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::lit_b<'"'>))(c) | lexy::dsl::delimited(lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::lit_b<'\''>))(c);
 		}();
 
 		static constexpr auto value =
 			lexy::as_string<std::string> >>
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](const char* begin, auto&& str, const char* end) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::StringNode>(ast::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end), LEXY_MOV(str));
+			callback<ast::StringValue*>(
+				[](ast::ParseState& state, const char* begin, const std::string& str, const char* end) {
+					auto value = state.ast().intern(str.data(), str.length());
+					return state.ast().create<ast::StringValue>(begin, end, value);
 				});
 	};
 
 	template<ParseOptions Options>
 	struct Expression {
 		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::p<Value<Options>> | lexy::dsl::p<String<Options>>;
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::forward<ast::NodePtr>;
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::forward<ast::Value*>;
 	};
 
 	template<ParseOptions Options>
 	struct AssignmentStatement {
 		static constexpr auto rule =
-			lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::p<Identifier<Options>>) >>
+			dsl::p<Identifier<Options>> >>
 			lexy::dsl::equal_sign >>
 			(lexy::dsl::p<Expression<Options>> | lexy::dsl::recurse_branch<StatementListBlock<Options>>);
 
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-			[](const char* pos, auto name, lexy::nullopt = {}) {
-				return LEXY_MOV(name);
-			},
-			[](auto name, lexy::nullopt = {}) {
-				return LEXY_MOV(name);
-			},
-			[](const char* pos, auto name, auto&& initalizer) {
-				return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::AssignNode>(pos, LEXY_MOV(name), LEXY_MOV(initalizer));
+		static constexpr auto value = callback<ast::AssignStatement*>(
+			[](ast::ParseState& state, const char* pos, ast::IdentifierValue* name, ast::Value* initializer) {
+				return state.ast().create<ast::AssignStatement>(pos, name, initializer);
 			});
 	};
 
 	template<ParseOptions Options>
 	struct StatementListBlock {
 		static constexpr auto rule =
-			lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed.open()) >>
-			lexy::dsl::opt(
-				lexy::dsl::list(
-					lexy::dsl::recurse_branch<AssignmentStatement<Options>>,
-					lexy::dsl::trailing_sep(lexy::dsl::lit_c<','>))) >>
-			lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed.close());
+			dsl::curly_bracketed(
+				lexy::dsl::opt(
+					lexy::dsl::list(
+						lexy::dsl::recurse_branch<AssignmentStatement<Options>>,
+						lexy::dsl::trailing_sep(lexy::dsl::lit_c<','>))));
 
 		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >>
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](const char* begin, lexy::nullopt, const char* end) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::ListNode>(ast::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end));
-				},
-				[](const char* begin, auto&& list, const char* end) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::ListNode>(ast::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end), LEXY_MOV(list));
-				},
-				[](const char* begin, auto& list, const char* end) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::ListNode>(ast::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end), list);
-				});
+			lexy::as_list<ast::AssignStatementList> >> construct_list<ast::ListValue>;
 	};
 
 	template<ParseOptions Options = ParseOptions {}>
@@ -107,6 +105,6 @@ namespace ovdl::v2script::lua::grammar {
 
 		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::position + lexy::dsl::terminator(lexy::dsl::eof).opt_list(lexy::dsl::p<AssignmentStatement<Options>>);
 
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >> lexy::new_<ast::FileNode, ast::NodePtr>;
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<ast::AssignStatementList> >> construct<ast::FileTree>;
 	};
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/ModifierGrammar.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/ModifierGrammar.hpp
index 96e928c..5b937d5 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/ModifierGrammar.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/ModifierGrammar.hpp
@@ -2,32 +2,55 @@
 
 #include <openvic-dataloader/v2script/AbstractSyntaxTree.hpp>
 
+#include <lexy/callback/container.hpp>
 #include <lexy/dsl.hpp>
 
+#include <dryad/node.hpp>
+#include <dryad/tree.hpp>
+
+#include "openvic-dataloader/NodeLocation.hpp"
+
 #include "SimpleGrammar.hpp"
 #include "TriggerGrammar.hpp"
+#include "detail/dsl.hpp"
 
 namespace ovdl::v2script::grammar {
 	constexpr auto modifier_keyword = LEXY_KEYWORD("modifier", lexy::dsl::inline_<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>);
 	constexpr auto factor_keyword = LEXY_KEYWORD("factor", lexy::dsl::inline_<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>);
 
 	struct FactorStatement {
-		static constexpr auto rule = factor_keyword >> lexy::dsl::equal_sign + lexy::dsl::inline_<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>;
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_string<std::string> | lexy::new_<ast::FactorNode, ast::NodePtr>;
+		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::position(factor_keyword) >> (lexy::dsl::equal_sign + lexy::dsl::p<Identifier<StringEscapeOption>>);
+		static constexpr auto value = dsl::callback<ast::AssignStatement*>(
+			[](ast::ParseState& state, NodeLocation loc, ast::IdentifierValue* value) {
+				auto* factor = state.ast().create<ast::IdentifierValue>(loc, state.ast().intern("factor"));
+				return state.ast().create<ast::AssignStatement>(loc, factor, value);
+			});
+	};
+
+	struct ModifierList {
+		struct expected_factor {
+			static constexpr auto name = "expected factor in modifier";
+		};
+
+		static constexpr auto rule = [] {
+			auto factor_flag = lexy::dsl::context_flag<ModifierList>;
+
+			auto element = (lexy::dsl::p<FactorStatement> >> factor_flag.set()) | lexy::dsl::p<TriggerStatement>;
+
+			return dsl::curly_bracketed.list(factor_flag.create() + element) >> lexy::dsl::must(factor_flag.is_reset()).error<expected_factor>;
+		}();
+
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<ast::AssignStatementList> >> construct_list<ast::ListValue>;
 	};
 
 	struct ModifierStatement {
 		static constexpr auto rule =
-			modifier_keyword >>
-			lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed.list(
-				lexy::dsl::p<FactorStatement> |
-				lexy::dsl::p<TriggerList>);
-
-		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >>
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](auto&& list) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::ModifierNode>(LEXY_MOV(list));
-				});
+			lexy::dsl::position(modifier_keyword) >> lexy::dsl::equal_sign >> lexy::dsl::p<ModifierList>;
+
+		static constexpr auto value = dsl::callback<ast::AssignStatement*>(
+			[](ast::ParseState& state, NodeLocation loc, ast::ListValue* list) {
+				auto* factor = state.ast().create<ast::IdentifierValue>(loc, state.ast().intern("modifier"));
+				return state.ast().create<ast::AssignStatement>(loc, factor, list);
+			});
 	};
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/Parser.cpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/Parser.cpp
index 3141550..29e9e80 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/Parser.cpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/Parser.cpp
@@ -1,29 +1,38 @@
 #include "openvic-dataloader/v2script/Parser.hpp"
 
-#include <functional>
-#include <memory>
+#include <iostream>
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>
 #include <utility>
-#include <vector>
 
+#include <openvic-dataloader/DiagnosticLogger.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/NodeLocation.hpp>
 #include <openvic-dataloader/ParseError.hpp>
 #include <openvic-dataloader/ParseWarning.hpp>
-#include <openvic-dataloader/detail/Concepts.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/detail/LexyReportError.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/detail/OStreamOutputIterator.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/detail/utility/Concepts.hpp>
+#include <openvic-dataloader/detail/utility/Utility.hpp>
 #include <openvic-dataloader/v2script/AbstractSyntaxTree.hpp>
-#include <openvic-dataloader/v2script/NodeLocationMap.hpp>
 
 #include <lexy/action/parse.hpp>
 #include <lexy/encoding.hpp>
 #include <lexy/input/buffer.hpp>
 #include <lexy/input/file.hpp>
+#include <lexy/input_location.hpp>
 #include <lexy/lexeme.hpp>
 #include <lexy/visualize.hpp>
 
-#include "detail/BasicBufferHandler.hpp"
+#include <dryad/node.hpp>
+#include <dryad/tree.hpp>
+
+#include <fmt/core.h>
+
+#include "openvic-dataloader/Error.hpp"
+
 #include "detail/DetectUtf8.hpp"
-#include "detail/LexyReportError.hpp"
-#include "detail/OStreamOutputIterator.hpp"
+#include "detail/NullBuff.hpp"
+#include "detail/ParseHandler.hpp"
 #include "detail/Warnings.hpp"
 #include "v2script/DecisionGrammar.hpp"
 #include "v2script/EventGrammar.hpp"
@@ -35,42 +44,36 @@ using namespace ovdl::v2script;
 
 ///	BufferHandler ///
 
-class Parser::BufferHandler final : public detail::BasicBufferHandler<> {
-public:
+struct Parser::ParseHandler final : detail::BasicStateParseHandler<v2script::ast::ParseState> {
 	constexpr bool is_exclusive_utf8() const {
-		return detail::is_utf8_no_ascii(_buffer);
+		return detail::is_utf8_no_ascii(buffer());
 	}
 
-	template<typename Node, typename ErrorCallback>
-	std::optional<std::vector<ParseError>> parse(const ErrorCallback& callback) {
-		auto result = lexy::parse<Node>(_buffer, callback);
+	template<typename Node>
+	std::optional<DiagnosticLogger::error_range> parse() {
+		auto result = lexy::parse<Node>(buffer(), *_parse_state, _parse_state->logger().error_callback());
 		if (!result) {
-			return result.errors();
+			return _parse_state->logger().get_errors();
 		}
-		// This is mighty frustrating
-		_root = std::unique_ptr<ast::Node>(result.value());
+		_parse_state->ast().set_root(result.value());
 		return std::nullopt;
 	}
 
-	std::unique_ptr<ast::Node>& get_root() {
-		return _root;
+	ast::FileTree* root() {
+		return _parse_state->ast().root();
 	}
-
-	ast::NodeLocationMap<decltype(_buffer)>& get_location_map() {
-		return _location_map;
-	}
-
-private:
-	friend class ::ovdl::v2script::ast::Node;
-	std::unique_ptr<ast::Node> _root;
-	ast::NodeLocationMap<decltype(_buffer)> _location_map;
 };
 
 /// BufferHandler ///
 
 Parser::Parser()
-	: _buffer_handler(std::make_unique<BufferHandler>()) {
-	set_error_log_to_stderr();
+	: _parse_handler(std::make_unique<ParseHandler>()) {
+	set_error_log_to_null();
+}
+
+Parser::Parser(std::basic_ostream<char>& error_stream)
+	: _parse_handler(std::make_unique<ParseHandler>()) {
+	set_error_log_to(error_stream);
 }
 
 Parser::Parser(Parser&&) = default;
@@ -116,26 +119,29 @@ Parser Parser::from_file(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
 /// @param args
 ///
 template<typename... Args>
-constexpr void Parser::_run_load_func(detail::LoadCallback<BufferHandler, Args...> auto func, Args... args) {
-	_warnings.clear();
-	_errors.clear();
+constexpr void Parser::_run_load_func(detail::LoadCallback<Parser::ParseHandler*, Args...> auto func, Args... args) {
 	_has_fatal_error = false;
-	if (auto error = func(_buffer_handler.get(), std::forward<Args>(args)...); error) {
-		_has_fatal_error = error.value().type == ParseError::Type::Fatal;
-		_errors.push_back(error.value());
-		_error_stream.get() << "Error: " << _errors.back().message << '\n';
+	auto error = func(_parse_handler.get(), std::forward<Args>(args)...);
+	auto error_message = _parse_handler->make_error_from(error);
+	if (!error_message.empty()) {
+		_has_error = true;
+		_has_fatal_error = true;
+		_parse_handler->parse_state().logger().create_log<error::BufferError>(DiagnosticLogger::DiagnosticKind::error, fmt::runtime(error_message));
+	}
+	if (has_error() && &_error_stream.get() != &detail::cnull) {
+		print_errors_to(_error_stream.get());
 	}
 }
 
 constexpr Parser& Parser::load_from_buffer(const char* data, std::size_t size) {
 	// Type can't be deduced?
-	_run_load_func(std::mem_fn(&BufferHandler::load_buffer_size), data, size);
+	_run_load_func(std::mem_fn(&ParseHandler::load_buffer_size), data, size);
 	return *this;
 }
 
 constexpr Parser& Parser::load_from_buffer(const char* start, const char* end) {
 	// Type can't be deduced?
-	_run_load_func(std::mem_fn(&BufferHandler::load_buffer), start, end);
+	_run_load_func(std::mem_fn(&ParseHandler::load_buffer), start, end);
 	return *this;
 }
 
@@ -146,7 +152,7 @@ constexpr Parser& Parser::load_from_string(const std::string_view string) {
 constexpr Parser& Parser::load_from_file(const char* path) {
 	_file_path = path;
 	// Type can be deduced??
-	_run_load_func(std::mem_fn(&BufferHandler::load_file), path);
+	_run_load_func(std::mem_fn(&ParseHandler::load_file), path);
 	return *this;
 }
 
@@ -154,10 +160,6 @@ Parser& Parser::load_from_file(const std::filesystem::path& path) {
 	return load_from_file(path.string().c_str());
 }
 
-constexpr Parser& Parser::load_from_file(const detail::Has_c_str auto& path) {
-	return load_from_file(path.c_str());
-}
-
 /* REQUIREMENTS:
  * DAT-23
  * DAT-26
@@ -165,149 +167,175 @@ constexpr Parser& Parser::load_from_file(const detail::Has_c_str auto& path) {
  * DAT-29
  */
 bool Parser::simple_parse() {
-	if (!_buffer_handler->is_valid()) {
+	if (!_parse_handler->is_valid()) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if (_buffer_handler->is_exclusive_utf8()) {
-		_warnings.push_back(warnings::make_utf8_warning(_file_path));
+	if (_parse_handler->is_exclusive_utf8()) {
+		_parse_handler->parse_state().logger().warning(warnings::make_utf8_warning(_file_path));
 	}
 
-	auto errors = _buffer_handler->parse<grammar::File<grammar::NoStringEscapeOption>>(ovdl::detail::ReporError.path(_file_path).to(detail::OStreamOutputIterator { _error_stream }));
-	if (errors) {
-		_errors.reserve(errors->size());
-		for (auto& err : errors.value()) {
-			_has_fatal_error |= err.type == ParseError::Type::Fatal;
-			_errors.push_back(err);
+	auto errors = _parse_handler->parse<grammar::File<grammar::NoStringEscapeOption>>();
+	_has_error = _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().errored();
+	_has_warning = _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().warned();
+	if (!_parse_handler->root()) {
+		_has_fatal_error = true;
+		if (&_error_stream.get() != &detail::cnull) {
+			print_errors_to(_error_stream);
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
-	_file_node.reset(static_cast<ast::FileNode*>(_buffer_handler->get_root().release()));
 	return true;
 }
 
 bool Parser::event_parse() {
-	if (!_buffer_handler->is_valid()) {
+	if (!_parse_handler->is_valid()) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if (_buffer_handler->is_exclusive_utf8()) {
-		_warnings.push_back(warnings::make_utf8_warning(_file_path));
+	if (_parse_handler->is_exclusive_utf8()) {
+		_parse_handler->parse_state().logger().warning(warnings::make_utf8_warning(_file_path));
 	}
 
-	auto errors = _buffer_handler->parse<grammar::EventFile>(ovdl::detail::ReporError.path(_file_path).to(detail::OStreamOutputIterator { _error_stream }));
-	if (errors) {
-		_errors.reserve(errors->size());
-		for (auto& err : errors.value()) {
-			_has_fatal_error |= err.type == ParseError::Type::Fatal;
-			_errors.push_back(err);
+	auto errors = _parse_handler->parse<grammar::EventFile>();
+	_has_error = _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().errored();
+	_has_warning = _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().warned();
+	if (!_parse_handler->root()) {
+		_has_fatal_error = true;
+		if (&_error_stream.get() != &detail::cnull) {
+			print_errors_to(_error_stream);
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
-	_file_node.reset(static_cast<ast::FileNode*>(_buffer_handler->get_root().release()));
 	return true;
 }
 
 bool Parser::decision_parse() {
-	if (!_buffer_handler->is_valid()) {
+	if (!_parse_handler->is_valid()) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if (_buffer_handler->is_exclusive_utf8()) {
-		_warnings.push_back(warnings::make_utf8_warning(_file_path));
+	if (_parse_handler->is_exclusive_utf8()) {
+		_parse_handler->parse_state().logger().warning(warnings::make_utf8_warning(_file_path));
 	}
 
-	auto errors = _buffer_handler->parse<grammar::DecisionFile>(ovdl::detail::ReporError.path(_file_path).to(detail::OStreamOutputIterator { _error_stream }));
-	if (errors) {
-		_errors.reserve(errors->size());
-		for (auto& err : errors.value()) {
-			_has_fatal_error |= err.type == ParseError::Type::Fatal;
-			_errors.push_back(err);
+	auto errors = _parse_handler->parse<grammar::DecisionFile>();
+	_has_error = _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().errored();
+	_has_warning = _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().warned();
+	if (!_parse_handler->root()) {
+		_has_fatal_error = true;
+		if (&_error_stream.get() != &detail::cnull) {
+			print_errors_to(_error_stream);
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
-	_file_node.reset(static_cast<ast::FileNode*>(_buffer_handler->get_root().release()));
 	return true;
 }
 
 bool Parser::lua_defines_parse() {
-	if (!_buffer_handler->is_valid()) {
+	if (!_parse_handler->is_valid()) {
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	if (_buffer_handler->is_exclusive_utf8()) {
-		_warnings.push_back(warnings::make_utf8_warning(_file_path));
+	if (_parse_handler->is_exclusive_utf8()) {
+		_parse_handler->parse_state().logger().warning(warnings::make_utf8_warning(_file_path));
 	}
 
-	auto errors = _buffer_handler->parse<lua::grammar::File<>>(ovdl::detail::ReporError.path(_file_path).to(detail::OStreamOutputIterator { _error_stream }));
-	if (errors) {
-		_errors.reserve(errors->size());
-		for (auto& err : errors.value()) {
-			_has_fatal_error |= err.type == ParseError::Type::Fatal;
-			_errors.push_back(err);
+	auto errors = _parse_handler->parse<lua::grammar::File<>>();
+	_has_error = _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().errored();
+	_has_warning = _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().warned();
+	if (!_parse_handler->root()) {
+		_has_fatal_error = true;
+		if (&_error_stream.get() != &detail::cnull) {
+			print_errors_to(_error_stream);
 		}
 		return false;
 	}
-	_file_node.reset(static_cast<ast::FileNode*>(_buffer_handler->get_root().release()));
 	return true;
 }
 
-const FileNode* Parser::get_file_node() const {
-	return _file_node.get();
+const FileTree* Parser::get_file_node() const {
+	return _parse_handler->root();
 }
 
-void Parser::generate_node_location_map() {
-	_buffer_handler->get_location_map().clear();
-	_buffer_handler->get_location_map().generate_location_map(_buffer_handler->get_buffer(), get_file_node());
+std::string_view Parser::value(const ovdl::v2script::ast::FlatValue& node) const {
+	return node.value(_parse_handler->parse_state().ast().symbol_interner());
 }
 
-const ast::Node::line_col Parser::get_node_begin(const ast::NodeCPtr node) const {
-	if (!node) return { 0, 0 };
-	return node->get_begin_line_col(*this);
+std::string Parser::make_native_string() const {
+	return _parse_handler->parse_state().ast().make_native_visualizer();
 }
 
-const ast::Node::line_col Parser::get_node_end(const ast::NodeCPtr node) const {
-	if (!node) return { 0, 0 };
-	return node->get_end_line_col(*this);
+std::string Parser::make_list_string() const {
+	return _parse_handler->parse_state().ast().make_list_visualizer();
 }
 
-const ast::Node::line_col ast::Node::get_begin_line_col(const Parser& parser) const {
-	if (!parser._buffer_handler->is_valid() || parser._buffer_handler->_location_map.empty()) return {};
-	line_col result {};
-	auto [itr, range_end] = parser._buffer_handler->_location_map.equal_range(this);
-	if (itr != range_end) {
-		result.line = itr->second.line_nr();
-		result.column = itr->second.column_nr();
+const FilePosition Parser::get_position(const ast::Node* node) const {
+	if (!node || !node->is_linked_in_tree()) {
+		return {};
 	}
-	// Standard doesn't really guarantee the direction of the range's sequence, but only GCC goes backwards
-	// TODO: DON'T USE STANDARD UNORDERED_MULTIMAP
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
-	itr++;
-	if (itr != range_end) {
-		result.line = itr->second.line_nr();
-		result.column = itr->second.column_nr();
+	auto node_location = _parse_handler->parse_state().ast().location_of(node);
+	if (node_location.is_synthesized()) {
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	auto loc_begin = lexy::get_input_location(_parse_handler->buffer(), node_location.begin());
+	FilePosition result { loc_begin.line_nr(), loc_begin.line_nr(), loc_begin.column_nr(), loc_begin.column_nr() };
+	if (node_location.begin() < node_location.end()) {
+		auto loc_end = lexy::get_input_location(_parse_handler->buffer(), node_location.end(), loc_begin.anchor());
+		result.end_line = loc_end.line_nr();
+		result.end_column = loc_end.column_nr();
 	}
-#endif
 	return result;
 }
 
-const ast::Node::line_col ast::Node::get_end_line_col(const Parser& parser) const {
-	if (!parser._buffer_handler->is_valid() || parser._buffer_handler->_location_map.empty()) return {};
-	line_col result {};
-	auto [itr, range_end] = parser._buffer_handler->_location_map.equal_range(this);
-	if (itr != range_end) {
-		result.line = itr->second.line_nr();
-		result.column = itr->second.column_nr();
+Parser::error_range Parser::get_errors() const {
+	return _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().get_errors();
+}
+
+const FilePosition Parser::get_error_position(const error::Error* error) const {
+	if (!error || !error->is_linked_in_tree()) {
+		return {};
 	}
-	// Standard doesn't really guarantee the direction of the range's sequence, but only GCC goes backwards
-	// TODO: DON'T USE STANDARD UNORDERED_MULTIMAP
-#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
-	return result;
-#endif
-	itr++;
-	if (itr != range_end) {
-		result.line = itr->second.line_nr();
-		result.column = itr->second.column_nr();
+	auto err_location = _parse_handler->parse_state().logger().location_of(error);
+	if (err_location.is_synthesized()) {
+		return {};
+	}
+
+	auto loc_begin = lexy::get_input_location(_parse_handler->buffer(), err_location.begin());
+	FilePosition result { loc_begin.line_nr(), loc_begin.line_nr(), loc_begin.column_nr(), loc_begin.column_nr() };
+	if (err_location.begin() < err_location.end()) {
+		auto loc_end = lexy::get_input_location(_parse_handler->buffer(), err_location.end(), loc_begin.anchor());
+		result.end_line = loc_end.line_nr();
+		result.end_column = loc_end.column_nr();
 	}
 	return result;
+}
+
+void Parser::print_errors_to(std::basic_ostream<char>& stream) const {
+	auto errors = get_errors();
+	if (errors.empty()) return;
+	for (const auto error : errors) {
+		dryad::visit_tree(
+			error,
+			[&](const error::BufferError* buffer_error) {
+				stream << buffer_error->message() << '\n';
+			},
+			[&](const error::ParseError* parse_error) {
+				stream << parse_error->message() << '\n';
+			},
+			[&](dryad::child_visitor<error::ErrorKind> visitor, const error::Semantic* semantic) {
+				stream << semantic->message() << '\n';
+				auto annotations = semantic->annotations();
+				for (auto annotation : annotations) {
+					visitor(annotation);
+				}
+			},
+			[&](const error::PrimaryAnnotation* primary) {
+				stream << primary->message() << '\n';
+			},
+			[&](const error::SecondaryAnnotation* secondary) {
+				stream << secondary->message() << '\n';
+			});
+	}
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/SimpleGrammar.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/SimpleGrammar.hpp
index 7a59123..bd4adaa 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/SimpleGrammar.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/SimpleGrammar.hpp
@@ -1,14 +1,12 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-
+#include <openvic-dataloader/NodeLocation.hpp>
 #include <openvic-dataloader/v2script/AbstractSyntaxTree.hpp>
 
 #include <lexy/callback.hpp>
 #include <lexy/dsl.hpp>
 
-#include "detail/LexyLitRange.hpp"
+#include "detail/dsl.hpp"
 
 // Grammar Definitions //
 /* REQUIREMENTS:
@@ -21,6 +19,11 @@
  * DAT-643
  */
 namespace ovdl::v2script::grammar {
+	template<typename T>
+	constexpr auto construct = dsl::construct<ast::ParseState, T>;
+	template<typename T, bool DisableEmpty = false, typename ListType = ast::AssignStatementList>
+	constexpr auto construct_list = dsl::construct_list<ast::ParseState, T, ListType, DisableEmpty>;
+
 	struct ParseOptions {
 		/// @brief Makes string parsing avoid string escapes
 		bool NoStringEscape;
@@ -29,11 +32,6 @@ namespace ovdl::v2script::grammar {
 	static constexpr ParseOptions NoStringEscapeOption = ParseOptions { true };
 	static constexpr ParseOptions StringEscapeOption = ParseOptions { false };
 
-	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct StatementListBlock;
-	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct AssignmentStatement;
-
 	/* REQUIREMENTS: DAT-630 */
 	static constexpr auto whitespace_specifier = lexy::dsl::ascii::blank / lexy::dsl::ascii::newline;
 	/* REQUIREMENTS: DAT-631 */
@@ -47,18 +45,18 @@ namespace ovdl::v2script::grammar {
 		lexy::dsl::ascii::alpha_digit_underscore / LEXY_ASCII_ONE_OF("+:@%&'-.") /
 		lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x8A> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x8C> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x8E> /
 		lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x92> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x97> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x9A> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x9C> /
-		detail::lexydsl::make_range<0x9E, 0x9F>() /
-		detail::lexydsl::make_range<0xC0, 0xD6>() /
-		detail::lexydsl::make_range<0xD8, 0xF6>() /
-		detail::lexydsl::make_range<0xF8, 0xFF>();
+		dsl::make_range<0x9E, 0x9F>() /
+		dsl::make_range<0xC0, 0xD6>() /
+		dsl::make_range<0xD8, 0xF6>() /
+		dsl::make_range<0xF8, 0xFF>();
 
 	static constexpr auto windows_1251_data_specifier_additions =
-		detail::lexydsl::make_range<0x80, 0x81>() / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x83> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x8D> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x8F> /
+		dsl::make_range<0x80, 0x81>() / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x83> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x8D> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x8F> /
 		lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x90> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x9D> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x9F> /
-		detail::lexydsl::make_range<0xA1, 0xA3>() / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0xA5> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0xA8> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0xAA> /
+		dsl::make_range<0xA1, 0xA3>() / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0xA5> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0xA8> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0xAA> /
 		lexy::dsl::lit_b<0xAF> /
-		detail::lexydsl::make_range<0xB2, 0xB4>() / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0xB8> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0xBA> /
-		detail::lexydsl::make_range<0xBC, 0xBF>() /
+		dsl::make_range<0xB2, 0xB4>() / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0xB8> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0xBA> /
+		dsl::make_range<0xBC, 0xBF>() /
 		lexy::dsl::lit_b<0xD7> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0xF7>;
 
 	static constexpr auto data_specifier = windows_1252_data_specifier / windows_1251_data_specifier_additions;
@@ -77,125 +75,145 @@ namespace ovdl::v2script::grammar {
 												.map<'t'>('\t');
 
 	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct Identifier {
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::identifier(data_char_class);
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-			[](auto lexeme) {
-				std::string str(lexeme.data(), lexeme.size());
-				return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::IdentifierNode>(ast::NodeLocation { lexeme.begin(), lexeme.end() }, LEXY_MOV(str));
-			});
-	};
-
-	/* REQUIREMENTS:
-	 * DAT-633
-	 * DAT-634
-	 */
-	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct StringExpression {
-		static constexpr auto rule = [] {
-			if constexpr (Options.NoStringEscape) {
-				auto c = ovdl::detail::lexydsl::make_range<0x20, 0xFF>() / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x07> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x09> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x0A> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x0D>;
-				return lexy::dsl::delimited(lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::lit_b<'"'>))(c);
-			} else {
-				// Arbitrary code points that aren't control characters.
-				auto c = ovdl::detail::lexydsl::make_range<0x20, 0xFF>() - lexy::dsl::ascii::control;
-
-				// Escape sequences start with a backlash.
-				// They either map one of the symbols,
-				// or a Unicode code point of the form uXXXX.
-				auto escape = lexy::dsl::backslash_escape //
-								  .symbol<escaped_symbols>();
-				return lexy::dsl::delimited(lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::lit_b<'"'>))(c, escape);
-			}
-		}();
-
-		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::as_string<std::string> >>
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](const char* begin, auto&& str, const char* end) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::StringNode>(ast::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end), LEXY_MOV(str), Options.NoStringEscape);
+	struct SimpleGrammar {
+		struct StatementListBlock;
+
+		struct Identifier {
+			static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::identifier(data_char_class);
+			static constexpr auto value = dsl::callback<ast::IdentifierValue*>(
+				[](ast::ParseState& state, auto lexeme) {
+					auto value = state.ast().intern(lexeme.data(), lexeme.size());
+					return state.ast().create<ast::IdentifierValue>(ovdl::NodeLocation::make_from(lexeme.begin(), lexeme.end()), value);
 				});
-	};
-
-	/* REQUIREMENTS: DAT-638 */
-	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct ValueExpression {
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::p<Identifier<Options>> | lexy::dsl::p<StringExpression<Options>>;
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::forward<ast::NodePtr>;
+		};
+
+		/* REQUIREMENTS:
+		 * DAT-633
+		 * DAT-634
+		 */
+		struct StringExpression {
+			static constexpr auto rule = [] {
+				if constexpr (Options.NoStringEscape) {
+					auto c = dsl::make_range<0x20, 0xFF>() / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x07> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x09> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x0A> / lexy::dsl::lit_b<0x0D>;
+					return lexy::dsl::delimited(lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::lit_b<'"'>))(c);
+				} else {
+					// Arbitrary code points that aren't control characters.
+					auto c = dsl::make_range<0x20, 0xFF>() - lexy::dsl::ascii::control;
+
+					// Escape sequences start with a backlash.
+					// They either map one of the symbols,
+					// or a Unicode code point of the form uXXXX.
+					auto escape = lexy::dsl::backslash_escape //
+									  .symbol<escaped_symbols>();
+					return lexy::dsl::delimited(lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::lit_b<'"'>))(c, escape);
+				}
+			}();
+
+			static constexpr auto value =
+				lexy::as_string<std::string> >>
+				dsl::callback<ast::StringValue*>(
+					[](ast::ParseState& state, const char* begin, auto&& str, const char* end) {
+						auto value = state.ast().intern(str.data(), str.length());
+						return state.ast().create<ast::StringValue>(ovdl::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end), value);
+					});
+		};
+
+		/* REQUIREMENTS: DAT-638 */
+		struct ValueExpression {
+			static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::p<Identifier> | lexy::dsl::p<StringExpression>;
+			static constexpr auto value = lexy::forward<ast::Value*>;
+		};
+
+		struct SimpleAssignmentStatement {
+			static constexpr auto rule =
+				dsl::p<Identifier> >>
+				(lexy::dsl::equal_sign >>
+					(lexy::dsl::p<ValueExpression> | lexy::dsl::recurse_branch<StatementListBlock>));
+
+			static constexpr auto value = construct<ast::AssignStatement>;
+		};
+
+		/* REQUIREMENTS: DAT-639 */
+		struct AssignmentStatement {
+			static constexpr auto rule =
+				dsl::p<Identifier> >>
+					(lexy::dsl::equal_sign >>
+							(lexy::dsl::p<ValueExpression> | lexy::dsl::recurse_branch<StatementListBlock>) |
+						lexy::dsl::else_ >> lexy::dsl::return_) |
+				dsl::p<StringExpression> |
+				lexy::dsl::recurse_branch<StatementListBlock>;
+
+			static constexpr auto value = dsl::callback<ast::Statement*>(
+				[](ast::ParseState& state, const char* pos, ast::IdentifierValue* name, ast::Value* initializer) {
+					return state.ast().create<ast::AssignStatement>(pos, name, initializer);
+				},
+				[](ast::ParseState& state, const char* pos, ast::Value* left, lexy::nullopt = {}) {
+					return state.ast().create<ast::ValueStatement>(pos, left);
+				},
+				[](ast::ParseState& state, ast::Value* left) {
+					return state.ast().create<ast::ValueStatement>(state.ast().location_of(left), left);
+				});
+		};
+
+		/* REQUIREMENTS: DAT-640 */
+		struct StatementListBlock {
+			static constexpr auto rule =
+				dsl::curly_bracketed(
+					(lexy::dsl::opt(lexy::dsl::list(lexy::dsl::recurse_branch<AssignmentStatement>)) +
+						lexy::dsl::opt(lexy::dsl::semicolon)));
+
+			static constexpr auto value =
+				lexy::as_list<ast::StatementList> >>
+				dsl::callback<ast::ListValue*>(
+					[](ast::ParseState& state, const char* begin, auto&& list, const char* end) {
+						if constexpr (std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<decltype(list)>, lexy::nullopt>) {
+							return state.ast().create<ast::ListValue>(ovdl::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end));
+						} else {
+							return state.ast().create<ast::ListValue>(ovdl::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end), LEXY_MOV(list));
+						}
+					},
+					[](ast::ParseState& state, const char* begin, auto&& list, auto&& semicolon, const char* end) {
+						if constexpr (std::is_same_v<std::decay_t<decltype(list)>, lexy::nullopt>) {
+							return state.ast().create<ast::ListValue>(ovdl::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end));
+						} else {
+							return state.ast().create<ast::ListValue>(ovdl::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end), LEXY_MOV(list));
+						}
+					});
+		};
 	};
 
 	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct SimpleAssignmentStatement {
-		static constexpr auto rule =
-			lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::p<Identifier<Options>>) >>
-			(lexy::dsl::equal_sign +
-				(lexy::dsl::p<ValueExpression<Options>> | lexy::dsl::recurse_branch<StatementListBlock<Options>>));
-
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-			[](const char* pos, auto name, auto&& initalizer) {
-				return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::AssignNode>(pos, LEXY_MOV(name), LEXY_MOV(initalizer));
-			});
-	};
+	using StringExpression = typename SimpleGrammar<Options>::StringExpression;
 
-	/* REQUIREMENTS: DAT-639 */
 	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct AssignmentStatement {
-		static constexpr auto rule =
-			lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::p<Identifier<Options>>) >>
-				(lexy::dsl::equal_sign >>
-						(lexy::dsl::p<ValueExpression<Options>> | lexy::dsl::recurse_branch<StatementListBlock<Options>>) |
-					lexy::dsl::else_ >> lexy::dsl::return_) |
-			lexy::dsl::p<StringExpression<Options>> |
-			lexy::dsl::recurse_branch<StatementListBlock<Options>>;
-
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-			[](const char* pos, auto name, lexy::nullopt = {}) {
-				return LEXY_MOV(name);
-			},
-			[](auto name, lexy::nullopt = {}) {
-				return LEXY_MOV(name);
-			},
-			[](const char* pos, auto name, auto&& initalizer) {
-				return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::AssignNode>(pos, LEXY_MOV(name), LEXY_MOV(initalizer));
-			});
-	};
+	using Identifier = typename SimpleGrammar<Options>::Identifier;
 
-	/* REQUIREMENTS: DAT-640 */
 	template<ParseOptions Options>
-	struct StatementListBlock {
-		static constexpr auto rule =
-			lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed.open()) >>
-			(lexy::dsl::opt(lexy::dsl::list(lexy::dsl::recurse_branch<AssignmentStatement<Options>>)) +
-				lexy::dsl::opt(lexy::dsl::semicolon)) >>
-			lexy::dsl::position(lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed.close());
-
-		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >>
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](const char* begin, lexy::nullopt, const char* end) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::ListNode>(ast::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end));
-				},
-				[](const char* begin, auto&& list, const char* end) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::ListNode>(ast::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end), LEXY_MOV(list));
-				},
-				[](const char* begin, lexy::nullopt, lexy::nullopt, const char* end) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::ListNode>(ast::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end));
-				},
-				[](const char* begin, auto&& list, lexy::nullopt, const char* end) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::ListNode>(ast::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end), LEXY_MOV(list));
-				},
-				[](const char* begin, auto& list, const char* end) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::ListNode>(ast::NodeLocation::make_from(begin, end), list);
-				});
-	};
+	using SAssignStatement = typename SimpleGrammar<Options>::SimpleAssignmentStatement;
+
+	template<ovdl::detail::string_literal Keyword, auto Production, auto Value = dsl::default_kw_value<ast::ParseState, ast::IdentifierValue, Keyword>>
+	using keyword_rule = dsl::keyword_rule<
+		ast::ParseState,
+		Identifier<StringEscapeOption>,
+		ast::AssignStatement,
+		Keyword, Production, Value>;
+
+	template<ovdl::detail::string_literal Keyword, auto Production, auto Value = dsl::default_kw_value<ast::ParseState, ast::IdentifierValue, Keyword>>
+	using fkeyword_rule = dsl::fkeyword_rule<
+		ast::ParseState,
+		Identifier<StringEscapeOption>,
+		ast::AssignStatement,
+		Keyword, Production, Value>;
 
 	template<ParseOptions Options>
 	struct File {
 		// Allow arbitrary spaces between individual tokens.
 		static constexpr auto whitespace = whitespace_specifier | comment_specifier;
 
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::position + lexy::dsl::terminator(lexy::dsl::eof).opt_list(lexy::dsl::p<AssignmentStatement<Options>>);
+		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::position(
+			lexy::dsl::terminator(lexy::dsl::eof)
+				.opt_list(lexy::dsl::p<typename SimpleGrammar<Options>::AssignmentStatement>));
 
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >> lexy::new_<ast::FileNode, ast::NodePtr>;
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<ast::StatementList> >> construct<ast::FileTree>;
 	};
 }
diff --git a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/TriggerGrammar.hpp b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/TriggerGrammar.hpp
index 3849b12..095d115 100644
--- a/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/TriggerGrammar.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-dataloader/v2script/TriggerGrammar.hpp
@@ -6,37 +6,24 @@
 #include <lexy/dsl.hpp>
 
 #include "SimpleGrammar.hpp"
+#include "detail/dsl.hpp"
 
 namespace ovdl::v2script::grammar {
 	struct TriggerStatement {
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::inline_<SimpleAssignmentStatement<StringEscapeOption>>;
+		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::p<SAssignStatement<StringEscapeOption>>;
 
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-			[](auto name, auto&& initalizer) {
-				return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::ExecutionNode>({}, ast::ExecutionNode::Type::Trigger, LEXY_MOV(name), LEXY_MOV(initalizer));
-			});
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::forward<ast::AssignStatement*>;
 	};
 
 	struct TriggerList {
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::list(lexy::dsl::p<SimpleAssignmentStatement<StringEscapeOption>>);
-
-		static constexpr auto value =
-			lexy::as_list<std::vector<ast::NodePtr>> >>
-			lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-				[](auto&& list) {
-					return ast::make_node_ptr<ast::ExecutionListNode>(ast::ExecutionNode::Type::Trigger, LEXY_MOV(list));
-				});
+		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::list(lexy::dsl::p<TriggerStatement>);
+
+		static constexpr auto value = lexy::as_list<ast::AssignStatementList>;
 	};
 
 	struct TriggerBlock {
-		static constexpr auto rule = lexy::dsl::curly_bracketed.opt(lexy::dsl::p<TriggerList>);
-
-		static constexpr auto value = lexy::callback<ast::NodePtr>(
-			[](auto&& list) {
-				return LEXY_MOV(list);
-			},
-			[](lexy::nullopt = {}) {
-				return lexy::nullopt {};
-			});
+		static constexpr auto rule = dsl::curly_bracketed.opt(lexy::dsl::p<TriggerList>);
+
+		static constexpr auto value = construct_list<ast::ListValue>;
 	};
 }
\ No newline at end of file