14 files changed, 284 insertions, 48 deletions

diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/GameManager.hpp b/src/openvic-simulation/GameManager.hpp
index ed17c30..0e8eb2b 100644
--- a/src/openvic-simulation/GameManager.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/GameManager.hpp
@@ -11,7 +11,8 @@
 #include "openvic-simulation/misc/Define.hpp"
 #include "openvic-simulation/politics/PoliticsManager.hpp"
 #include "openvic-simulation/pop/Pop.hpp"
-#include "openvic-simulation/tech/Technology.hpp"
+#include "openvic-simulation/research/Technology.hpp"
+#include "research/ResearchManager.hpp"
 
 namespace OpenVic {
 	struct GameManager {
@@ -25,7 +26,7 @@ namespace OpenVic {
 		ModifierManager PROPERTY_REF(modifier_manager);
 		PoliticsManager PROPERTY_REF(politics_manager);
 		HistoryManager PROPERTY_REF(history_manager);
-		TechnologyManager PROPERTY_REF(technology_manager);
+		ResearchManager PROPERTY_REF(research_manager);
 		PopManager PROPERTY_REF(pop_manager);
 		CountryManager PROPERTY_REF(country_manager);
 		UIManager PROPERTY_REF(ui_manager);
diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/dataloader/Dataloader.cpp b/src/openvic-simulation/dataloader/Dataloader.cpp
index 6aee67d..11b4332 100644
--- a/src/openvic-simulation/dataloader/Dataloader.cpp
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/dataloader/Dataloader.cpp
@@ -343,10 +343,30 @@ bool Dataloader::_load_goods(GameManager& game_manager) const {
 	return ret;
 }
 
+bool Dataloader::_load_rebel_types(GameManager& game_manager) const {
+	static constexpr std::string_view rebel_types_file = "common/rebel_types.txt";
+
+	PoliticsManager& politics_manager = game_manager.get_politics_manager();
+	RebelManager& rebel_manager = politics_manager.get_rebel_manager();
+
+	bool ret = rebel_manager.load_rebels_file(
+		politics_manager.get_ideology_manager(),
+		politics_manager.get_government_type_manager(),
+		parse_defines(lookup_file(rebel_types_file)).get_file_node()
+	);
+
+	if(!rebel_manager.generate_modifiers(game_manager.get_modifier_manager())) {
+		Logger::error("Failed to generate rebel type-based modifiers!");
+		ret &= false;
+	}
+	
+	return ret;
+}
+
 bool Dataloader::_load_technologies(GameManager& game_manager) const {
 	static constexpr std::string_view technology_file = "common/technology.txt";
 
-	TechnologyManager& technology_manager = game_manager.get_technology_manager();
+	TechnologyManager& technology_manager = game_manager.get_research_manager().get_technology_manager();
 
 	bool ret = true;
 
@@ -389,6 +409,28 @@ bool Dataloader::_load_technologies(GameManager& game_manager) const {
 	return ret;
 }
 
+bool Dataloader::_load_inventions(GameManager& game_manager) const {
+	static constexpr std::string_view inventions_directory = "inventions";
+
+	InventionManager& invention_manager = game_manager.get_research_manager().get_invention_manager();
+
+	bool ret = apply_to_files(
+		lookup_files_in_dir(inventions_directory, ".txt"),
+		[&game_manager, &invention_manager](fs::path const& file) -> bool {
+			return invention_manager.load_inventions_file(
+				game_manager.get_modifier_manager(),
+				game_manager.get_military_manager().get_unit_manager(),
+				game_manager.get_economy_manager().get_building_manager(),
+				parse_defines(file).get_file_node()
+			);
+		}
+	);
+	
+	invention_manager.lock_inventions();
+
+	return ret;
+}
+
 bool Dataloader::_load_history(GameManager& game_manager, bool unused_history_file_warnings) const {
 
 	/* Country History */
@@ -605,7 +647,6 @@ bool Dataloader::load_defines(GameManager& game_manager) const {
 	static constexpr std::string_view event_modifiers_file = "common/event_modifiers.txt";
 	static constexpr std::string_view static_modifiers_file = "common/static_modifiers.txt";
 	static constexpr std::string_view triggered_modifiers_file = "common/triggered_modifiers.txt";
-	static constexpr std::string_view rebel_types_file = "common/rebel_types.txt";
 
 	bool ret = true;
 
@@ -696,6 +737,10 @@ bool Dataloader::load_defines(GameManager& game_manager) const {
 		Logger::error("Failed to load buildings!");
 		ret = false;
 	}
+	if (!_load_rebel_types(game_manager)) {
+		Logger::error("Failed to load rebel types!");
+		ret = false;
+	}
 	if (!_load_technologies(game_manager)) {
 		ret = false;
 	}
@@ -723,6 +768,10 @@ bool Dataloader::load_defines(GameManager& game_manager) const {
 		Logger::error("Failed to load triggered modifiers!");
 		ret = false;
 	}
+	if (!_load_inventions(game_manager)) {
+		Logger::error("Failed to load inventions!");
+		ret = false;
+	}
 	if (!_load_map_dir(game_manager)) {
 		Logger::error("Failed to load map!");
 		ret = false;
@@ -751,10 +800,6 @@ bool Dataloader::load_defines(GameManager& game_manager) const {
 		Logger::error("Failed to load countries!");
 		ret = false;
 	}
-	if (!game_manager.get_politics_manager().load_rebels_file(parse_defines(lookup_file(rebel_types_file)).get_file_node())) {
-		Logger::error("Failed to load rebel types!");
-		ret = false;
-	}
 	if (!_load_history(game_manager, false)) {
 		Logger::error("Failed to load history!");
 		ret = false;
diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/dataloader/Dataloader.hpp b/src/openvic-simulation/dataloader/Dataloader.hpp
index 4c305b5..e98d220 100644
--- a/src/openvic-simulation/dataloader/Dataloader.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/dataloader/Dataloader.hpp
@@ -28,7 +28,9 @@ namespace OpenVic {
 		bool _load_pop_types(PopManager& pop_manager, UnitManager const& unit_manager, GoodManager const& good_manager) const;
 		bool _load_units(GameManager& game_manager) const;
 		bool _load_goods(GameManager& game_manager) const;
+		bool _load_rebel_types(GameManager& game_manager) const;
 		bool _load_technologies(GameManager& game_manager) const;
+		bool _load_inventions(GameManager& game_manager) const;
 		bool _load_map_dir(GameManager& game_manager) const;
 		bool _load_history(GameManager& game_manager, bool unused_history_file_warnings) const;
 
diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/economy/Good.cpp b/src/openvic-simulation/economy/Good.cpp
index 2aa5d42..02c4f0b 100644
--- a/src/openvic-simulation/economy/Good.cpp
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/economy/Good.cpp
@@ -99,16 +99,20 @@ bool GoodManager::load_goods_file(ast::NodeCPtr root) {
 #define GOOD_MODIFIER(name) \
 	modifier_manager.register_complex_modifier(name); \
 	for (Good const& good : this->get_goods()) { \
-		std::string modifier_name = name; \
-		modifier_name += "_"; \
-		modifier_name += good.get_identifier(); \
-		ret &= modifier_manager.add_modifier_effect(modifier_name, true, ModifierEffect::format_t::PROPORTION_DECIMAL); \
+		ret &= modifier_manager.add_modifier_effect( \
+			StringUtils::append_string_views(name, "_", good.get_identifier()), \
+			true, \
+			ModifierEffect::format_t::PROPORTION_DECIMAL \
+		); \
 	}
 
 bool GoodManager::generate_modifiers(ModifierManager& modifier_manager) {
 	bool ret = true;
 	GOOD_MODIFIER("factory_goods_output");
+	GOOD_MODIFIER("factory_goods_throughput");
 	GOOD_MODIFIER("rgo_goods_output");
 	GOOD_MODIFIER("rgo_size");
 	return ret;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
+#undef GOOD_MODIFIER
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/military/Unit.cpp b/src/openvic-simulation/military/Unit.cpp
index 7995aeb..ed3d37b 100644
--- a/src/openvic-simulation/military/Unit.cpp
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/military/Unit.cpp
@@ -191,12 +191,11 @@ bool UnitManager::load_unit_file(GoodManager const& good_manager, ast::NodeCPtr
 }
 
 #define STAT_MODIFIER(name, positive_good, format) \
-	ret &= modifier_manager.add_modifier_effect(base_name + name, positive_good, ModifierEffect::format_t::format)
+	ret &= modifier_manager.add_modifier_effect(StringUtils::append_string_views(identifier, "_", name), positive_good, ModifierEffect::format_t::format)
 
 bool UnitManager::generate_modifiers(ModifierManager& modifier_manager) {
 	std::function<bool(std::string_view, Unit::type_t)> generate_stat_modifiers = [this, &modifier_manager](std::string_view identifier, Unit::type_t type) -> bool {
 		modifier_manager.register_complex_modifier(identifier);
-		std::string base_name = std::string(identifier) + "_";
 		bool ret = true;
 
 		STAT_MODIFIER("default_organisation", true, RAW_DECIMAL);
@@ -237,4 +236,6 @@ bool UnitManager::generate_modifiers(ModifierManager& modifier_manager) {
 		ret &= generate_stat_modifiers(unit.get_identifier(), unit.get_type());
 
 	return ret;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+
+#undef STAT_MODIFIER
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/misc/Modifier.cpp b/src/openvic-simulation/misc/Modifier.cpp
index 6ad14aa..87a6b65 100644
--- a/src/openvic-simulation/misc/Modifier.cpp
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/misc/Modifier.cpp
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 #include "Modifier.hpp"
+#include <string>
 
 using namespace OpenVic;
 using namespace OpenVic::NodeTools;
@@ -196,6 +197,17 @@ bool ModifierManager::setup_modifier_effects() {
 	ret &= add_modifier_effect("dig_in_cap", true, INT);
 	ret &= add_modifier_effect("max_national_focus", true, INT);
 	ret &= add_modifier_effect("regular_experience_level", true, RAW_DECIMAL);
+	ret &= add_modifier_effect("land_attrition", false);
+	ret &= add_modifier_effect("naval_attrition", false);
+	ret &= add_modifier_effect("permanent_prestige", true, RAW_DECIMAL);
+	ret &= add_modifier_effect("shared_prestige", true, RAW_DECIMAL);
+	ret &= add_modifier_effect("colonial_prestige", true);
+	ret &= add_modifier_effect("soldier_to_pop_loss", true);
+	ret &= add_modifier_effect("pop_growth", true);
+	ret &= add_modifier_effect("plurality", true, PERCENTAGE_DECIMAL);
+	ret &= add_modifier_effect("suppression_points_modifier", true);
+	ret &= add_modifier_effect("colonial_life_rating", false, INT);
+	ret &= add_modifier_effect("seperatism", false); //paradox typo
 
 	/* Province Modifier Effects */
 	ret &= add_modifier_effect("assimilation_rate", true);
@@ -359,7 +371,7 @@ bool ModifierManager::load_triggered_modifiers(ast::NodeCPtr root) {
 key_value_callback_t ModifierManager::_modifier_effect_callback(
 	ModifierValue& modifier, key_value_callback_t default_callback, ModifierEffectValidator auto effect_validator
 ) const {
-	std::function<bool(ModifierEffect const*, ast::NodeCPtr)> add_modifier_cb = [this, &modifier, effect_validator](ModifierEffect const* effect, ast::NodeCPtr value) -> bool {
+	const auto add_modifier_cb = [this, &modifier, effect_validator](ModifierEffect const* effect, ast::NodeCPtr value) -> bool {
 		if (effect_validator(*effect)) {
 			if (!modifier.values.contains(effect)) {
 				return expect_fixed_point(assign_variable_callback(modifier.values[effect]))(value);
@@ -373,23 +385,32 @@ key_value_callback_t ModifierManager::_modifier_effect_callback(
 		}
 	};
 
-	return [this, &modifier, default_callback, effect_validator, add_modifier_cb](std::string_view key, ast::NodeCPtr value) -> bool {
+	const auto add_flattened_modifier_cb = [this, add_modifier_cb](std::string_view prefix, std::string_view key, ast::NodeCPtr value) -> bool {
+		const std::string flat_identifier = StringUtils::append_string_views(prefix, "_", key);
+		ModifierEffect const* effect = get_modifier_effect_by_identifier(flat_identifier);
+		if (effect != nullptr) {
+			return add_modifier_cb(effect, value);
+		} else {
+			Logger::error("Could not find flattened modifier: ", flat_identifier);
+			return false;
+		}
+	};
+
+	return [this, default_callback, add_modifier_cb, add_flattened_modifier_cb](std::string_view key, ast::NodeCPtr value) -> bool {
 		ModifierEffect const* effect = get_modifier_effect_by_identifier(key);
 		if (effect != nullptr && value->is_type<ast::IdentifierNode>()) {
 			return add_modifier_cb(effect, value);
 		} else if (complex_modifiers.contains(key) && value->is_derived_from<ast::AbstractListNode>()) {
-			return expect_dictionary([this, &key, &add_modifier_cb, &default_callback](std::string_view identifier, ast::NodeCPtr node) -> bool {
-				std::string flat_identifier = std::string(key);
-				flat_identifier += "_";
-				flat_identifier += identifier;
-				ModifierEffect const* effect = get_modifier_effect_by_identifier(flat_identifier);
-				if(effect != nullptr) {
-					return add_modifier_cb(effect, node);
-				} else {
-					Logger::error("Could not find flattened modifier: ", flat_identifier);
-					return false;
-				}
-			})(value);
+			if (key == "rebel_org_gain") { //because of course there's a special one
+				std::string_view faction_identifier;
+				ast::NodeCPtr value_node = nullptr;
+				bool ret = expect_dictionary_keys(
+					"faction", ONE_EXACTLY, expect_identifier(assign_variable_callback(faction_identifier)),
+					"value", ONE_EXACTLY, assign_variable_callback(value_node)
+				)(value);
+				ret &= add_flattened_modifier_cb(key, faction_identifier, value_node);
+				return ret;
+			} else return expect_dictionary(std::bind(add_flattened_modifier_cb, key, std::placeholders::_1, std::placeholders::_2))(value);
 		} else return default_callback(key, value);
 	};
 }
diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/misc/Modifier.hpp b/src/openvic-simulation/misc/Modifier.hpp
index 9665e07..f3678d9 100644
--- a/src/openvic-simulation/misc/Modifier.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/misc/Modifier.hpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ namespace OpenVic {
 			PROPORTION_DECIMAL,	/* An unscaled fraction/ratio, with 1 being "full"/"whole" */
 			PERCENTAGE_DECIMAL,	/* A fraction/ratio scaled so that 100 is "full"/"whole" */
 			RAW_DECIMAL,		/* A continuous quantity, e.g. attack strength */
-			INT				/* A discrete quantity, e.g. building count limit */
+			INT					/* A discrete quantity, e.g. building count limit */
 		};
 
 		friend std::unique_ptr<ModifierEffect> std::make_unique<ModifierEffect>(std::string_view&&, bool&&, format_t&&);
diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/politics/Rebel.cpp b/src/openvic-simulation/politics/Rebel.cpp
index e58b3de..ec39c9e 100644
--- a/src/openvic-simulation/politics/Rebel.cpp
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/politics/Rebel.cpp
@@ -142,4 +142,18 @@ bool RebelManager::load_rebels_file(
 	lock_rebel_types();
 
 	return ret;
+}
+
+bool RebelManager::generate_modifiers(ModifierManager& modifier_manager) {
+	bool ret = true;
+
+	modifier_manager.register_complex_modifier("rebel_org_gain");
+
+	ret &= modifier_manager.add_modifier_effect("rebel_org_gain_all", false);
+
+	for (RebelType const& rebel_type : get_rebel_types()) {
+		std::string modifier_name = StringUtils::append_string_views("rebel_org_gain_", rebel_type.get_identifier());
+		ret &= modifier_manager.add_modifier_effect(modifier_name, false);
+	}
+	return ret;
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/politics/Rebel.hpp b/src/openvic-simulation/politics/Rebel.hpp
index f012829..ba7b33f 100644
--- a/src/openvic-simulation/politics/Rebel.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/politics/Rebel.hpp
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include "openvic-simulation/misc/Modifier.hpp"
 #include "openvic-simulation/types/IdentifierRegistry.hpp"
 #include "openvic-simulation/politics/Government.hpp"
 #include "openvic-simulation/politics/Ideology.hpp"
@@ -78,8 +79,7 @@ namespace OpenVic {
 			bool reinforcing, bool general, bool smart, bool unit_transfer, fixed_point_t occupation_mult
 		);
 
-		bool load_rebels_file(
-			IdeologyManager const& ideology_manager, GovernmentTypeManager const& government_type_manager, ast::NodeCPtr root
-		);
+		bool load_rebels_file(IdeologyManager const& ideology_manager, GovernmentTypeManager const& government_type_manager, ast::NodeCPtr root);
+		bool generate_modifiers(ModifierManager& modifier_manager);
 	};
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/research/Invention.cpp b/src/openvic-simulation/research/Invention.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eb4e342
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/research/Invention.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#include "Invention.hpp"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <utility>
+
+using namespace OpenVic;
+using namespace OpenVic::NodeTools;
+
+Invention::Invention(
+	std::string_view identifier, ModifierValue&& values, bool news, unit_set_t activated_units, building_set_t activated_buildings,
+	crime_set_t enabled_crimes, bool unlock_gas_attack, bool unlock_gas_defence) 
+	: Modifier { identifier, std::move(values), 0 },
+		news { news }, activated_units { std::move(activated_units) }, activated_buildings { std::move(activated_buildings) },
+		enabled_crimes { std::move(enabled_crimes) }, unlock_gas_attack { unlock_gas_attack }, unlock_gas_defence { unlock_gas_defence } {} //TODO icon
+
+InventionManager::InventionManager() : inventions { "inventions" } {}
+
+bool InventionManager::add_invention(
+	std::string_view identifier, ModifierValue&& values, bool news, Invention::unit_set_t activated_units,
+	Invention::building_set_t activated_buildings, Invention::crime_set_t enabled_crimes,
+	bool unlock_gas_attack, bool unlock_gas_defence
+) {
+	if (identifier.empty()) {
+		Logger::error("Invalid invention identifier - empty!");
+		return false;
+	}
+
+	return inventions.add_item({
+		identifier, std::move(values), news, std::move(activated_units), std::move(activated_buildings),
+		std::move(enabled_crimes), unlock_gas_attack, unlock_gas_defence
+	});
+}
+
+bool InventionManager::load_inventions_file(
+	ModifierManager const& modifier_manager, UnitManager const& unit_manager, BuildingManager const& building_manager, ast::NodeCPtr root
+) {
+	return expect_dictionary_reserve_length(inventions, [this, &modifier_manager, &unit_manager, &building_manager](std::string_view identifier, ast::NodeCPtr value) -> bool {
+		ModifierValue loose_modifiers;
+		ModifierValue modifiers;
+
+		Invention::unit_set_t activated_units;
+		Invention::building_set_t activated_buildings;
+		Invention::crime_set_t enabled_crimes;
+
+		bool unlock_gas_attack = false;
+		bool unlock_gas_defence = false;
+		bool news = true; //defaults to true!
+
+		bool ret = modifier_manager.expect_modifier_value_and_keys(move_variable_callback(loose_modifiers),
+			"news", ZERO_OR_ONE, expect_bool(assign_variable_callback(news)),
+			"limit", ONE_EXACTLY, success_callback,
+			"chance", ONE_EXACTLY, success_callback,
+			"effect", ZERO_OR_ONE, modifier_manager.expect_modifier_value_and_keys(
+				move_variable_callback(modifiers),
+				"gas_attack", ZERO_OR_ONE, expect_bool(assign_variable_callback(unlock_gas_attack)),
+				"gas_defence", ZERO_OR_ONE, expect_bool(assign_variable_callback(unlock_gas_defence)),
+				"activate_unit", ZERO_OR_MORE, unit_manager.expect_unit_identifier([this, &activated_units](Unit const& unit) -> bool {
+					activated_units.insert(&unit);
+					return true;
+				}),
+				"activate_building", ZERO_OR_MORE, building_manager.expect_building_type_identifier([this, &activated_buildings](BuildingType const& type) -> bool {
+					activated_buildings.insert(&type);
+					return true;
+				}),
+				"enable_crime", ZERO_OR_ONE, modifier_manager.expect_crime_modifier_identifier([this, &enabled_crimes](Crime const& crime) -> bool {
+					enabled_crimes.insert(&crime);
+					return true;
+				}))
+		)(value);
+
+		modifiers += loose_modifiers;
+
+		ret &= add_invention(
+			identifier, std::move(modifiers), news, activated_units, activated_buildings, enabled_crimes,
+			unlock_gas_attack, unlock_gas_defence
+		);
+
+		return ret;
+	})(root);
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/research/Invention.hpp b/src/openvic-simulation/research/Invention.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..321d982
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/research/Invention.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "openvic-simulation/economy/BuildingType.hpp"
+#include "openvic-simulation/military/Unit.hpp"
+#include "openvic-simulation/misc/Modifier.hpp"
+#include "openvic-simulation/types/IdentifierRegistry.hpp"
+#include <string_view>
+#include <unordered_set>
+
+namespace OpenVic {
+	struct Invention : Modifier {
+		friend struct InventionManager;
+		//TODO implement limit and chance
+		using unit_set_t = std::unordered_set<Unit const*>;
+		using building_set_t = std::unordered_set<BuildingType const*>;
+		using crime_set_t = std::unordered_set<Crime const*>;
+
+	private:
+		const bool PROPERTY_CUSTOM_PREFIX(news, is);
+		unit_set_t PROPERTY(activated_units);
+		building_set_t PROPERTY(activated_buildings);
+		crime_set_t PROPERTY(enabled_crimes);
+		const bool PROPERTY_CUSTOM_PREFIX(unlock_gas_attack, will);
+		const bool PROPERTY_CUSTOM_PREFIX(unlock_gas_defence, will);
+
+		Invention(
+			std::string_view identifier, ModifierValue&& values, bool news, unit_set_t activated_units,
+			building_set_t activated_buildings, crime_set_t enabled_crimes, bool unlock_gas_attack,
+			bool unlock_gas_defence
+		);
+
+	public:
+		Invention(Invention&&) = default;
+	};
+
+	struct InventionManager {
+		IdentifierRegistry<Invention> inventions;
+
+	public:
+		InventionManager();
+
+		bool add_invention(
+			std::string_view identifier, ModifierValue&& values, bool news, Invention::unit_set_t activated_units,
+			Invention::building_set_t activated_buildings, Invention::crime_set_t enabled_crimes, bool unlock_gas_attack,
+			bool unlock_gas_defence
+		);
+
+		IDENTIFIER_REGISTRY_ACCESSORS(invention);
+
+		bool load_inventions_file(
+			ModifierManager const& modifier_manager, UnitManager const& unit_manager, BuildingManager const& building_manager,
+			ast::NodeCPtr root
+		); // inventions/*.txt
+	};
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/research/ResearchManager.hpp b/src/openvic-simulation/research/ResearchManager.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d402a34
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/research/ResearchManager.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "openvic-simulation/research/Invention.hpp"
+#include "openvic-simulation/research/Technology.hpp"
+
+namespace OpenVic {
+	struct ResearchManager {
+	private:
+		TechnologyManager PROPERTY_REF(technology_manager);
+		InventionManager PROPERTY_REF(invention_manager);
+	};
+}
diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/tech/Technology.cpp b/src/openvic-simulation/research/Technology.cpp
index 1234ff3..07faaa3 100644
--- a/src/openvic-simulation/tech/Technology.cpp
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/research/Technology.cpp
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ TechnologyArea::TechnologyArea(std::string_view new_identifier, TechnologyFolder
 	: HasIdentifier { new_identifier }, folder { new_folder } {}
 
 Technology::Technology(
-	std::string_view new_identifier, TechnologyArea const& new_area, year_t new_year, fixed_point_t new_cost,
+	std::string_view new_identifier, TechnologyArea const& new_area, Date::year_t new_year, fixed_point_t new_cost,
 	bool new_unciv_military, uint8_t new_unit, unit_set_t&& new_activated_units, building_set_t&& new_activated_buildings,
 	ModifierValue&& new_values
 ) : Modifier { new_identifier, std::move(new_values), 0 }, area { new_area }, year { new_year }, cost { new_cost },
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ bool TechnologyManager::add_technology_area(std::string_view identifier, Technol
 }
 
 bool TechnologyManager::add_technology(
-	std::string_view identifier, TechnologyArea const* area, Technology::year_t year, fixed_point_t cost, bool unciv_military,
+	std::string_view identifier, TechnologyArea const* area, Date::year_t year, fixed_point_t cost, bool unciv_military,
 	uint8_t unit, Technology::unit_set_t&& activated_units, Technology::building_set_t&& activated_buildings,
 	ModifierValue&& values
 ) {
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ bool TechnologyManager::load_technologies_file(ModifierManager const& modifier_m
 	return expect_dictionary_reserve_length(technologies, [this, &modifier_manager, &unit_manager, &building_manager](std::string_view tech_key, ast::NodeCPtr tech_value) -> bool {
 		ModifierValue modifiers;
 		TechnologyArea const* area = nullptr;
-		Technology::year_t year = 0;
+		Date::year_t year = 0;
 		fixed_point_t cost = 0;
 		bool unciv_military = false;
 		uint8_t unit = 0;
@@ -149,17 +149,19 @@ bool TechnologyManager::load_technologies_file(ModifierManager const& modifier_m
 	})(root);
 }
 
+#define TECH_MODIFIER(NAME, POS) ret &= modifier_manager.add_modifier_effect(NAME, POS, ModifierEffect::format_t::PROPORTION_DECIMAL)
+#define UNCIV_TECH_MODIFIER(NAME) TECH_MODIFIER(NAME, false); TECH_MODIFIER(StringUtils::append_string_views("self_", NAME), false);
 bool TechnologyManager::generate_modifiers(ModifierManager& modifier_manager) {
 	bool ret = true;
 
-	ret &= modifier_manager.add_modifier_effect("unciv_military_modifier", true);
-	ret &= modifier_manager.add_modifier_effect("unciv_economic_modifier", true);
-	ret &= modifier_manager.add_modifier_effect("self_unciv_economic_modifier", true);
-	ret &= modifier_manager.add_modifier_effect("self_unciv_military_modifier", true);
+	UNCIV_TECH_MODIFIER("unciv_military_modifier");
+	UNCIV_TECH_MODIFIER("unciv_economic_modifier");
 
 	for (TechnologyFolder const& folder : get_technology_folders()) {
-		std::string folder_name = std::string(folder.get_identifier()) + "_research_bonus";
-		ret &= modifier_manager.add_modifier_effect(folder_name, true);
+		TECH_MODIFIER(StringUtils::append_string_views(folder.get_identifier(), "_research_bonus"), true);
 	}
+	
 	return ret;
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
+#undef UNCIV_TECH_MODIFIER
+#undef TECH_MODIFIER
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/openvic-simulation/tech/Technology.hpp b/src/openvic-simulation/research/Technology.hpp
index 6f50f01..0939369 100644
--- a/src/openvic-simulation/tech/Technology.hpp
+++ b/src/openvic-simulation/research/Technology.hpp
@@ -32,13 +32,12 @@ namespace OpenVic {
 	struct Technology : Modifier {
 		friend struct TechnologyManager;
 
-		using year_t = Date::year_t;
 		using unit_set_t = std::unordered_set<Unit const*>;
 		using building_set_t = std::unordered_set<BuildingType const*>;
 
 	private:
 		TechnologyArea const& PROPERTY(area);
-		const year_t PROPERTY(year);
+		const Date::year_t PROPERTY(year);
 		const fixed_point_t PROPERTY(cost);
 		const bool PROPERTY(unciv_military);
 		const uint8_t PROPERTY(unit);
@@ -48,7 +47,7 @@ namespace OpenVic {
 		//TODO: implement rules/modifiers and ai_chance
 
 		Technology(
-			std::string_view new_identifier, TechnologyArea const& new_area, year_t new_year, fixed_point_t new_cost,
+			std::string_view new_identifier, TechnologyArea const& new_area, Date::year_t new_year, fixed_point_t new_cost,
 			bool new_unciv_military, uint8_t new_unit, unit_set_t&& new_activated_units,
 			building_set_t&& new_activated_buildings, ModifierValue&& new_values
 		);
@@ -80,7 +79,7 @@ namespace OpenVic {
 		IDENTIFIER_REGISTRY_ACCESSORS(technology_area)
 
 		bool add_technology(
-			std::string_view identifier, TechnologyArea const* area, Technology::year_t year, fixed_point_t cost,
+			std::string_view identifier, TechnologyArea const* area, Date::year_t year, fixed_point_t cost,
 			bool unciv_military, uint8_t unit, Technology::unit_set_t&& activated_units,
 			Technology::building_set_t&& activated_buildings, ModifierValue&& values);
 		IDENTIFIER_REGISTRY_ACCESSORS_CUSTOM_PLURAL(technology, technologies)